Congress of Vienna and Restoration Era

False (B)

Military units under King Ferdinand VII

<p>Friendly Society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congress of Vienna = 1815 Spanish Revolution = 1820 I Italian Revolutions = 1820-1821 Formation of the Friendly Society = 1814</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National independence and constitutional reforms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nikolaos Skoufas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbonari</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The suppression of the revolution by French troops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To organize a revolution for Greek independence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They used pseudonyms and a cryptographic alphabet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>exception</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ioannis Kapodistrias = Declined leadership Alexandros Ypsilantis = Took leadership Poverty = Response to social issues Rich merchants = Initially targeted for support</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secure financial resources for its development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Principalities (modern-day Romania)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>French</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>February 24, 1821 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vladimirescu</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drăgășani</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alexandros Ypsilantis = Leader of the revolution Gregory V = Patriarch who excommunicated revolutionaries George Olympios = Leader of the last group of fighters Ioannis Farmakis = Captured and executed after resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealthy Greeks of the principalities did not provide support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sacred Band</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ali Pasha of Epirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was captured (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A meeting of European leaders (1814-1815) to redraw borders and restore order after Napoleon's defeat.

An alliance formed by Russia, Prussia, and Austria to suppress revolutionary ideas and restore absolute monarchies.

The period (1815-1830) following the Congress of Vienna when old regimes were re-established.

A rebellion by Greeks seeking to gain freedom from the Ottoman Empire.

A revolt in Spain against the absolute monarch, aiming to reinstate the 1812 Constitution, eventually crushed by France.

Revolts in the Italian states, led by the Carbonari, against Austrian rule and for constitutional reforms.

A secret Italian society that organized and led revolts.

People who supported the Greek independence movement.

A secret society in Russia that aided and supported the Greek War of Independence.

Ideas about liberty, equality and national self-determination that influenced the European revolts.

The Philhellenic Society faced significant organizational obstacles due to the dispersed Greek population and the need for secrecy to avoid Ottoman and European authorities. They also had to address Greek hesitance towards past failed uprisings and unite diverse social groups with varying interests.

Initially, the Philhellenic Society primarily targeted wealthy Greek merchants for funding. Later, its focus expanded to include all social groups particularly small merchants and intellectuals.

Aspiring members were tested and required to swear an oath of loyalty and secrecy before joining. Punishment for violations was severe (death).

Initially aimed at leading figures like Capodistria, but when that failed, they chose Alexander Ypsilanti, a Russian army officer.

The revolution was planned to start in the Danubian Principalities (modern-day Romania) due to the absence of Turkish troops and the presence of Russian forces nearby, hoping for Russian support.

The Greek Revolution was driven by several factors, including internal Ottoman problems, the spread of Enlightenment ideas, and the growing desire for Greek independence.

The region of modern-day Romania, where the Greek Revolution began strategically.

Favorable geopolitical situation provided by the lack of Ottoman military presence in the Danubian principalities and the proximity to Russia.

The dispersed Greek population and the need for secrecy required immense organizational capabilities. Further obstacles included skepticism from Greeks with previous failed uprisings, as well as the need to unite diverse social groups and economic interests.

The Philhellenic Society used pseudonyms and a coded alphabet to communicate securely.

A secret society that organized and planned the Greek War of Independence.

The leader of the Greek War of Independence, who crossed the Prut River and declared the revolution in Iași, Moldavia.

The Greek Revolution began in Moldavia because Alexander Ypsilantis crossed the river Prut and declared the revolution in Iași, Moldavia.

A fighting unit composed of student volunteers who fought bravely during the Greek War of Independence.

The Tsar of Russia disavowed the Greek Revolution because Russia was a member of the Holy Alliance which sought to suppress revolutions.

Dense populations, a weak Ottoman presence, a lack of Ottoman troops due to the war with Ali Pasha of Epirus, and mountainous terrain that made guerrilla warfare easier, all gave the Greeks in the Peloponnese an advantage.

Armed groups of Greeks who fought against Ottoman rule in the Peloponnese. They were a valuable force in the Greek War of Independence.

Greek merchant ships, equipped with cannons, played a vital role by providing naval support and supplies to the Greek revolutionaries.

The battle of Dragatsani, where the Sacred Band distinguished itself, was a defeat for the Greeks. This highlighted the challenges the Greek forces faced in Northern Greece.

The Greek rebels, led by Georgakis Olympios and Ioannis Farmakis, were trapped in the monastery of Seccu, where Olympios decided to blow himself up with his comrades. Farmakis fought bravely for two weeks but was captured and beheaded.