27 Questions
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
What condition is generally irreversible and signifies a shift from left to right shunt in congenital heart disease?
Eisenmenger's syndrome
In congenital heart disease, what do children do to increase systemic vascular resistance and decrease right-to-left shunts?
Squat
Which congenital heart disease presents with cyanosis and can lead to complications such as polycythemia and strokes?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Which connection shunts blood away from the liver in utero?
Ductus venosum
Which congenital heart defect usually causes symptoms after 4–6 weeks of life?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
What is the most common site of native valve infections?
Mitral valve
Which organism is responsible for 50% of endocarditis cases?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the most common benign tumor of the heart?
Myxoma
What is the most common malignant tumor of the heart?
Angiosarcoma
What is the most common metastatic tumor to the heart?
Lung cancer
What is indicated when there is mediastinal bleeding of more than 500 cc for the first hour or more than 250 cc/h for 4 hours?
Re-exploration after cardiac procedure
What characterizes post-pericardiotomy syndrome?
Pericardial friction rub, fever, chest pain, SOB
What is recommended for the treatment of post-pericardiotomy syndrome?
NSAIDs and steroids
What should be done in case of significant learning outcomes?
Modify the treatment plan as necessary.
Which of the following is essential for successful therapy in endocarditis?
Success rate of 75% with medical therapy alone.
Which congenital heart defect results in cyanosis?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the most common cause of death in the United States?
Coronary artery disease
Which valve disease is commonly caused by leaflet prolapse?
Mitral regurgitation
What is the usual timing of repair for atrial septal defects?
1-2 years of age
What is the primary morphologic abnormality in Tetralogy of Fallot?
Infundibular septum displacement
What is the best conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?
Internal mammary artery
What are the complications of myocardial infarction?
(VSD) Ventricular septal rupture and papillary muscle rupture
Which valve disease is rare and most commonly caused by rheumatic fever?
Mitral stenosis
What causes constriction of the heart in constrictive pericarditis?
Inflammation of the pericardium
What is the primary risk factor for high mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?
Low ejection fraction (EF)
Which congenital heart defect results in bounding peripheral pulses and widened pulse pressure?
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Test your knowledge of the symptoms and complications associated with congenital heart disease, including cyanosis, polycythemia, strokes, and Eisenmenger's syndrome. Learn about the effects of R → L shunts, L → R shunts, and pulmonary vascular resistance.
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