26 Cardiac
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

  • Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
  • Atrial septal defect (ASD)
  • Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (correct)
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • What condition is generally irreversible and signifies a shift from left to right shunt in congenital heart disease?

  • Endocarditis
  • Cyanosis
  • Eisenmenger's syndrome (correct)
  • Polycythemia
  • In congenital heart disease, what do children do to increase systemic vascular resistance and decrease right-to-left shunts?

  • Lie down
  • Jump
  • Squat (correct)
  • Stand up
  • Which congenital heart disease presents with cyanosis and can lead to complications such as polycythemia and strokes?

    <p>Tetralogy of Fallot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connection shunts blood away from the liver in utero?

    <p>Ductus venosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital heart defect usually causes symptoms after 4–6 weeks of life?

    <p>Ventricular septal defect (VSD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of native valve infections?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is responsible for 50% of endocarditis cases?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common benign tumor of the heart?

    <p>Myxoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malignant tumor of the heart?

    <p>Angiosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common metastatic tumor to the heart?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated when there is mediastinal bleeding of more than 500 cc for the first hour or more than 250 cc/h for 4 hours?

    <p>Re-exploration after cardiac procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes post-pericardiotomy syndrome?

    <p>Pericardial friction rub, fever, chest pain, SOB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for the treatment of post-pericardiotomy syndrome?

    <p><strong>NSAIDs</strong> and <strong>steroids</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done in case of significant learning outcomes?

    <p>Modify the treatment plan as necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential for successful therapy in endocarditis?

    <p>Success rate of 75% with medical therapy alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital heart defect results in cyanosis?

    <p>Tetralogy of Fallot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of death in the United States?

    <p>Coronary artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve disease is commonly caused by leaflet prolapse?

    <p>Mitral regurgitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual timing of repair for atrial septal defects?

    <p>1-2 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary morphologic abnormality in Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Infundibular septum displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

    <p>Internal mammary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the complications of myocardial infarction?

    <p>(VSD) Ventricular septal rupture and papillary muscle rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve disease is rare and most commonly caused by rheumatic fever?

    <p>Mitral stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes constriction of the heart in constrictive pericarditis?

    <p>Inflammation of the pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for high mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

    <p>Low ejection fraction (EF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital heart defect results in bounding peripheral pulses and widened pulse pressure?

    <p>Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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