40 Questions
What is the difference between Acquired and Congenital Heart Defects?
Acquired defects are a result of infections, autoimmune factors, and genetic factors, while Congenital defects are present at birth.
Which of the following exemplars fall under the category of Increased pulmonary blood flow disorders?
Atrial Septal Defect
What is the lead cause of acquired heart disease discussed in the text?
Kawasaki Disease
Which disease is described as an inflammatory disease occurring as a reaction to Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection?
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Which defect falls under the category of Obstructive Disorders?
Coarctation of the Aorta
When does Kawasaki Disease typically occur following an untreated or partially treated upper respiratory infection?
Within 2-6 weeks after the infection
Which condition affects the cardiovascular system and can lead to a coronary artery aneurysm?
Rheumatic Heart Disease
What is the earliest indication of cystic fibrosis in a newborn?
Meconium ileus
Why are antihistamines contraindicated in cystic fibrosis patients?
They dry up mucus, making expectoration difficult
What test is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis based on sodium and chloride levels?
Elevated Sweat Chloride Test
Which substance is found in excess in the sweat, tears, and saliva of individuals with cystic fibrosis?
Sodium and chloride
What is the role of pancreatic enzymes in cystic fibrosis management?
Assist in digestion due to pancreatic insufficiency
Why is it important to implement multidisciplinary patient-centered care for individuals with cystic fibrosis?
To maintain emotional support and involve patients in healthcare decisions
What is a common gastrointestinal symptom of cystic fibrosis related to stools?
Bulky stools
Which type of vaccine should individuals with cystic fibrosis receive annually?
Pneumococcal vaccine
What should be encouraged to help individuals with cystic fibrosis avoid respiratory infections?
Hand hygiene practices
What are the four diseases mentioned in the first line of the text?
Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Chickenpox
What is one of the recommended actions for patients with certain conditions, according to the text?
Perform passive range of motion exercises in the bathtub
Which condition is characterized by muffled heart sounds and pericardial friction rub, according to the text?
Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
What is chorea indicative of, according to the text?
Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential cardiac involvement in Kawasaki Disease?
Atrial Fibrillation
When are prophylactic antibiotics recommended for dental procedures in children with heart disease?
For dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or perforation of the oral mucosa
Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as having the highest risk for infective endocarditis, according to the text?
Rheumatic Heart Disease
What is an important consideration regarding cardiac medications?
Knowing what medication is given for which cardiac defect and why
What is the pathophysiology of an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)?
A hole between the right and left atrium, allowing blood flow from the left to the right atrium
Which clinical manifestation is commonly seen in a patient with an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)?
Ejection systolic murmur
Why might a patient with an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) experience failure to thrive (FTT)?
Due to poor feeding and low energy caused by the increased workload on the heart
What is the primary pathophysiology of a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?
A hole in the septum between the right and left ventricle, resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow
What is the primary reason for recurrent respiratory infections in a patient with a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?
Increased pulmonary blood flow, leading to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections
What is the pathophysiology of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close, resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow
What is the primary clinical manifestation of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
Machine-like murmur
What is the reason for performing a respiratory assessment in a patient with Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)?
To assess for respiratory distress caused by decreased blood flow to the lower extremities
What is the primary cause of epiglottitis?
Bacteria
Which age group is most commonly affected by epiglottitis?
Children 2 to 8 years old
What is the recommended approach for diagnosing epiglottitis?
Lateral neck x-ray
Which of the following is a critical component in the management of epiglottitis?
Availability of resuscitation and intubation equipment
What is the recommended position for a child with epiglottitis?
Sitting up and leaning forward
What is the significance of the "4 Ds & S" in the assessment of epiglottitis?
They are the primary symptoms of epiglottitis
What is the rationale for not visually inspecting the mouth and throat in a suspected case of epiglottitis?
It could stimulate bronchospasm and lead to complete airway occlusion
What is the primary goal of treatment for epiglottitis?
Improving respiratory function
Test your knowledge on acyanotic congenital heart defects with this quiz. Learn about conditions such as ASD, VSD, and PDA, their pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and more.
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