Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a conventional hearing aid?
What is the primary function of a conventional hearing aid?
Which component of a conventional hearing aid is responsible for converting sound into electrical impulses?
Which component of a conventional hearing aid is responsible for converting sound into electrical impulses?
In the rehabilitation of a child with hearing impairment, which of the following is a suggested practice for effective communication?
In the rehabilitation of a child with hearing impairment, which of the following is a suggested practice for effective communication?
Which of the following groups is NOT typically involved in the rehabilitation process of a deaf child?
Which of the following groups is NOT typically involved in the rehabilitation process of a deaf child?
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What is an important preventative measure for hearing impairment mentioned in the guidelines?
What is an important preventative measure for hearing impairment mentioned in the guidelines?
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What is a characteristic symptom of Waardenburg's Syndrome?
What is a characteristic symptom of Waardenburg's Syndrome?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with Keruictus?
Which of the following conditions is associated with Keruictus?
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Which ototoxic agent is associated with the risk of hearing loss?
Which ototoxic agent is associated with the risk of hearing loss?
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Which of the following tests evaluates middle ear function?
Which of the following tests evaluates middle ear function?
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What type of hearing loss is generally correctable through specific medical interventions?
What type of hearing loss is generally correctable through specific medical interventions?
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Which of the following options is NOT a method of rehabilitation for hearing impairment?
Which of the following options is NOT a method of rehabilitation for hearing impairment?
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What condition is characterized by both progressive renal insufficiency and progressive sensorineural hearing loss?
What condition is characterized by both progressive renal insufficiency and progressive sensorineural hearing loss?
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Which type of tympanogram is indicative of middle ear effusion dysfunction?
Which type of tympanogram is indicative of middle ear effusion dysfunction?
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Which of the following is NOT a congenital cause of conductive hearing loss?
Which of the following is NOT a congenital cause of conductive hearing loss?
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by non-endemic goiter and sensorineural deafness at birth?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by non-endemic goiter and sensorineural deafness at birth?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of acquired conductive hearing loss?
Which of the following is NOT a type of acquired conductive hearing loss?
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Which of the following is a degenerative disorder that can cause conductive hearing loss?
Which of the following is a degenerative disorder that can cause conductive hearing loss?
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Which of the following is a type of tumor that can cause conductive hearing loss?
Which of the following is a type of tumor that can cause conductive hearing loss?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of conductive hearing loss?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of conductive hearing loss?
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Which statement accurately describes the relationship between intermarriage amongst close relatives and sensorineural hearing loss?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between intermarriage amongst close relatives and sensorineural hearing loss?
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Which of the following is a true statement regarding sensorineural hearing loss?
Which of the following is a true statement regarding sensorineural hearing loss?
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Study Notes
Hearing Impairment and Deafness
- Hearing loss occurs when hearing is elevated to 20dB or above
- Severity of hearing loss is categorized as follows:
- -10 to 20 dB: Normal hearing
- 20 to 40 dB: Mild hearing loss
- 40 to 60 dB: Moderately severe hearing loss
- 60 to 80 dB: Severe hearing loss
- 80 to 100 dB: Profound hearing loss
Types of Hearing Loss
- Conductive hearing loss
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Mixed hearing loss
Conductive Hearing Loss
- Caused by interference with sound reaching the cochlea
- Interference points include the external ear, tympanic membrane, middle ear, and ossicles
Causes of Conductive Hearing Loss
- Congenital issues (maldevelopment of the external and middle ear)
- Atresia of the external auditory canal
- Anotia/microtia
- Complete atresia of the middle ear cavity
- Congenital absence or fusion of ossicles
- Stenosis of the external auditory canal
- Treacher-Collins syndrome
- Congenital meatal atresia
- Mandibulofacial anomalies (e.g., hypoplastic mandible)
- Acquired issues
- Cerumen impaction (most common cause)
- Middle ear effusion
- External and middle ear infections
- Trauma to the ear (e.g., slap to the external ear, explosion near the ear, head injury)
- Tumours (e.g., meatal osteomas and exostosis, ceruminoma, glomus jugulare and tympanicum)
- Degenerative disorders (e.g., otosclerosis, tympanosclerosis, osteitis deformans (Paget's disease), osteogenesis imperfecta)
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Results from lesions of the cochlea, 8th nerve, or central auditory pathways
- Perceptive hearing loss (cochlear)
- Neural hearing loss
- Difficult to distinguish, so sensorineural hearing loss is used as a broad term
Causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
-
Congenital (Genetic & Non-Genetic)
-
Genetic:
- 50% are genetic.
- Intermarriage increases chance.
- Pendred's disease (non-endemic goiter and sensorineural deafness at birth)
- Michels aplasia (total or near total aplasia of the inner ear)
- Waardenburg's syndrome (iris heterochromia and congenital deafness)
- Hypertelorism and premature graying of the hair
-
Non-Genetic
- Rubella syndrome
- Congenital deafness
- Congenital cataracts
- Congenital heart disease
- Mental retardation
- Kernicterus (Rh incompatibility is a common cause)
- Endemic cretinism
- Rubella syndrome
-
Genetic:
-
Acquired
- Delayed genetic SNHL (genetically predetermined phenotypic expression later in life)
- Familial progressive SNHL
- Alports disease (progressive renal insufficiency, progressive SNHL, cataract formation)
- Infections
- Mumps
- Measles
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus)
- Bacterial meningitis
- Congenital syphilis
- Trauma (head injury or fractures of the petrous bone)
- Tumours (e.g., cerebello pontine angle tumours, acoustic neuroma, meningioma etc)
- Ototoxicity (e.g., aminoglycosides, rapid-action diuretics, quinine, cytotoxic drugs)
- Noise-induced hearing loss
- Aging (presbyacusis)
- Delayed genetic SNHL (genetically predetermined phenotypic expression later in life)
Evaluation of Hearing Loss
- Otoscopy: Examination of the ear drum (normal, wax blockage, perforated)
- Rinne Test: Compares bone conduction and air conduction (used to determine if hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural)
- Weber's Test: Determines if sound lateralizes to one ear (used to determine if hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural)
- Tympanometry: Measures the movement of the eardrum in response to air pressure changes (to check for middle ear effusion)
- Pure Tone Audiometry: Measures hearing sensitivity at various frequencies (used to create an audiogram)
Audiogram Interpretation
- Normal audiogram: shows hearing sensitivity within normal range
- Conductive hearing loss audiogram: shows impaired bone conduction in the audiogram
- Sensorineural hearing loss audiogram: shows impaired air conduction in the audiogram
- Mixed hearing loss audiogram: shows impaired both air and bone conduction in the audiogram
Management of Hearing Loss
-
Conductive hearing loss: Usually correctable
- Removal of cerumen impaction
- Treatment of otitis media and externa
- Excision of meatal swellings
- Myringotomy and grommet insertion
- Tympanoplasty
-
Sensorineural hearing loss: Generally not treatable
- Rehabilitation is key
Rehabilitation of a Patient with a Hearing Handicap
- Rehabilitation helps cope with demands of social environment
- Types include
- Lip reading
- Sign language
- Hearing aid machines
- Cochlear implant
Types of Hearing Aids
- Conventional hearing aids
- Implantable hearing aids
Prevention of Hearing Loss
- Avoiding noise
- Wearing earplugs
- Vaccinations
- Syphilis screening during pregnancy.
Rehabilitation of a Child with a Hearing Handicap
- Parent guidance
- Education in special classes with normal children together
- Organization (doctor, speech therapist, social worker, psychologist, and teacher work closely)
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Description
This quiz explores the different types and causes of hearing loss, including the classifications of severity. You'll learn about conductive and sensorineural hearing loss and the conditions that lead to these types. Test your knowledge on hearing impairment and its impact on daily life.
