1 Concrete Frame Structures and Steel Reinforcement
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary load-carrying element in a concrete frame structure?

  • Column (correct)
  • Slab
  • Wall
  • Beam
  • Reinforced concrete is stronger in tension than compression.

    False

    What is the full name of RCC?

    Reinforced Cement Concrete

    The mold used to hold liquid concrete until it hardens is called __________.

    <p>formwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of a concrete frame structure with their descriptions:

    <p>Beams = Horizontal members that support loads Columns = Vertical members that carry structural loads Slabs = Flat surfaces that people walk on Rebars = Steel bars used for reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of concrete mix design?

    <p>Glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concrete reaches its full strength within 24 hours after pouring.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to concrete during the curing process?

    <p>It must be supplied with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of shear walls in high-rise buildings?

    <p>To assist with horizontal forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wind loads are typically calculated based on everyday wind conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common wind force a building may be required to resist?

    <p>150 kg/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an earthquake, the building shakes ___ and ___ due to ground movement.

    <p>horizontally, vertically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their primary functions in a concrete frame building:

    <p>Shear Walls = Resist horizontal forces Elevator Shafts = Support vertical loads Masonry Walls = Provide sound-proof enclosures Drywall Partitions = Offer flexible partitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a heavy wall material?

    <p>Steel studs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concrete frame structures can only support vertical loads.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor makes shear walls unnecessary in certain structures?

    <p>Low-rise structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the number in standard mixes like M20, M30, and M40 indicate?

    <p>Compressive strength of the concrete in n/mm²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Moment connections in concrete frame structures are commonly used in 99.9% of cases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the maximum aggregate size in M30/20 concrete?

    <p>20mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The downwards force on a building from its own weight is referred to as ________.

    <p>Dead Loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum live load for residential structures as commonly specified in building codes?

    <p>200 kg/m²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of load with its description:

    <p>Dead Loads = Weight of structural elements Live Loads = Weight of occupants and possessions Dynamic Loads = Loads created by traffic Imposed Loads = Synonymous with live loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hinged connections are the primary type of connection used in concrete frame structures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concrete frame structures are built to resist various ________ that act on a building during its life.

    <p>loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of reinforced concrete frame structures?

    <p>Lower Safety compared to Steel Structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steel structures are more flexible than reinforced concrete structures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of reinforced concrete in high earthquake zones?

    <p>Lower Tensile Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At __________ degrees Celsius, mild steel can lose almost half of its strength.

    <p>500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their respective structure type:

    <p>Reinforced Concrete = Non Recyclable Steel Frame = Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is NOT commonly used as cladding for concrete frame buildings?

    <p>Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforced concrete structures are fully recyclable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major safety concern for steel frame structures in the event of a fire?

    <p>Loss of Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for protecting steel in buildings from fire or high temperature?

    <p>To maintain structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steel construction is heavier than concrete construction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method of steel construction that involves shipping pre-fabricated components to the site?

    <p>Bolted Steel Construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steel construction is most often used in __________ buildings because of its strength and speed of construction.

    <p>high rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of buildings does NOT typically utilize steel construction?

    <p>Traditional wooden homes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of steel building construction with its description:

    <p>Conventional Steel Fabrication = Cutting and welding steel on-site or partially in a workshop Bolted Steel Construction = Finished and painted steel components shipped and bolted in place Pre-engineered buildings = Designed, fabricated, and erected by one company Light gauge steel construction = Used for residential buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weight difference between a concrete building and a steel framed building is approximately 12 times lighter for the steel structure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temporary structures made of steel can be quickly __________ and removed.

    <p>set up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Concrete Frame Structures (Skeleton System)

    • Concrete frame structures are a common type of modern building.
    • The frame is made up of horizontal beams and vertical columns.
    • Slabs form the flat surfaces on which humans walk.
    • Columns are the primary load-carrying elements.
    • Damage to a beam or slab affects only one floor, while damage to a column can bring down the entire building.
    • In the building trade, concrete actually refers to reinforced concrete.
    • Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) contains steel bars called reinforcement bars or rebars.
    • Concrete is strong in compression, easy to produce onsite, and inexpensive.

    Steel Reinforcement

    • Steel is strong in tension.
    • To make reinforced concrete, a mold (formwork) is first created to contain the liquid concrete.
    • Steel reinforcement bars are placed within the formwork and tied in place.
    • This creates a reinforcement cage.
    • Concrete is mixed with cement, sand, gravel, and water using a cement mixer.
    • Concrete is poured into the formwork until the right level is reached.
    • Concrete hardens within hours and reaches full strength in 28 days, usually supported during this time.
    • Concrete curing requires water on the surface, essential for chemical reactions.
    • Concrete mix design is a science, involving precise proportions of ingredients.

    Concrete Mix Design & Properties

    • Mix designers start with desired mix properties and consider many factors.
    • A site engineer might order a different mix for specific purposes (e.g., a more flowable mix for hard-to-reach areas).
    • Common concrete mixes use designations like M20, M30, or M40, referring to the compressive strength (in N/mm2).
    • M30/20 concrete means an M30 strength with a 20mm maximum aggregate size.

    Building Loads

    • Dead loads: The weight of the building itself, including structural elements, walls, facades, etc.
    • Live loads: The weight of occupants, furniture, books, etc. (specified in building codes).
    • Wind loads: Important for tall buildings, calculated based on extreme 100-year wind conditions.
    • Earthquake loads: Horizontal forces on the building, unlike gravity forces, which are vertical.

    Concrete Frame Foundations

    • Concrete frames rest on foundations that transfer building forces to the ground.

    Additional Structural Components

    • Shear walls: Large columns in high-rise buildings used to resist horizontal forces like wind and earthquakes. They only work in one horizontal direction.
    • Elevator shafts: Vertical concrete boxes which enclose elevators within. These help to resist horizontal loads and carry vertical loads.

    Concrete Frame Walls and Cladding

    • Concrete frame buildings use various materials for walls (e.g., brick, concrete blocks, stone, drywall).
    • Cladding materials may include glass, aluminum, stone sheets, or ceramic facades.

    Concrete Frame Advantages and Disadvantages

    • Advantages: Low cost, good safety, high compressive strength, readily available materials, ease of construction, and good resistance against fire.
    • Disadvantages: Lower safety compared to steel (in fire protection issues excluding), seasonal operation limitations in cold/hot weather, larger area occupation, lower tensile strength (not recommended in high earthquake zones), and weak architectural design flexibility.

    Steel Frame Advantages and Disadvantages

    • Advantages: High strength, low weight, rapid construction, flexible structure, can bend without cracking, and great resistance to dynamic forces.
    • Disadvantages: Loss of strength at high temperatures, susceptibility to fire, and tendency for corrosion in humid or marine environments.

    Construction Techniques

    • Conventional steel fabrication: Cutting and welding steel members on-site.
    • Bolted steel construction: Fabricating components in workshops then bolting them together at the site.

    Steel Frame Weight Comparison

    • Steel frame structures are significantly lighter than concrete alternatives, especially in multi-story structures.

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    Related Documents

    Lecture 1 Concrete Frame PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of concrete frame structures and their steel reinforcement systems. Understand the significance of beams, columns, and slabs in modern building designs. This quiz covers the properties and applications of reinforced concrete, including its production and structural advantages.

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