Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the major focus of psychosocial Stage 2 according to Erik Erikson?
What is the major focus of psychosocial Stage 2 according to Erik Erikson?
- Developing a sense of industry
- Forming meaningful relationships
- Achieving emotional maturity
- Gaining personal control and independence (correct)
What is an important task that caregivers should perform during Stage 2?
What is an important task that caregivers should perform during Stage 2?
- Encourage children to attempt new tasks on their own (correct)
- Directly control all decisions for the child
- Discourage exploration to maintain safety
- Provide constant supervision without allowing autonomy
Which feeling is likely developed in children who do not successfully gain control over themselves during Stage 2?
Which feeling is likely developed in children who do not successfully gain control over themselves during Stage 2?
- Confidence and self-assuredness
- Self-doubt and inadequacy (correct)
- Joy and contentment
- Ambivalence and confusion
What is the critical question children ask themselves during psychosocial Stage 2?
What is the critical question children ask themselves during psychosocial Stage 2?
What emotional outcomes can arise from a positive experience in Stage 2?
What emotional outcomes can arise from a positive experience in Stage 2?
What is the primary focus of the Medical Model in developmental screening?
What is the primary focus of the Medical Model in developmental screening?
Which aspect does the Ecobiodevelopmental Framework primarily emphasize?
Which aspect does the Ecobiodevelopmental Framework primarily emphasize?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Biopsychosocial Model?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Biopsychosocial Model?
What is a critique of the Medical Model presented in the content?
What is a critique of the Medical Model presented in the content?
The Ecobiodevelopmental Framework integrates concepts from which of the following areas?
The Ecobiodevelopmental Framework integrates concepts from which of the following areas?
Which of the following can produce toxic levels of stress according to the content on development?
Which of the following can produce toxic levels of stress according to the content on development?
How does the Biopsychosocial Model differ from the Medical Model?
How does the Biopsychosocial Model differ from the Medical Model?
In the context of childhood development, what role do toxic levels of stress play?
In the context of childhood development, what role do toxic levels of stress play?
What role does overarousal or underarousal play in infants?
What role does overarousal or underarousal play in infants?
How do consistent contingent responses affect child development?
How do consistent contingent responses affect child development?
What can enhance secure attachment in a child?
What can enhance secure attachment in a child?
What percentage of the variability of temperament is attributed to genetic differences?
What percentage of the variability of temperament is attributed to genetic differences?
In what way do contemporary models of child development perceive the influence of family members?
In what way do contemporary models of child development perceive the influence of family members?
How does the resemblance in temperament between monozygotic twins compare to dizygotic twins?
How does the resemblance in temperament between monozygotic twins compare to dizygotic twins?
What is stated about the role of fathers in child development?
What is stated about the role of fathers in child development?
What contributes to the variance in temperament outside of genetics?
What contributes to the variance in temperament outside of genetics?
What does developmental delay indicate about milestone attainment?
What does developmental delay indicate about milestone attainment?
Which of the following best describes developmental deviance?
Which of the following best describes developmental deviance?
What is a key indicator that warrants assessment during developmental screening?
What is a key indicator that warrants assessment during developmental screening?
What does developmental dissociation indicate?
What does developmental dissociation indicate?
What characterizes developmental regression?
What characterizes developmental regression?
In which scenario would developmental delay most likely be identified?
In which scenario would developmental delay most likely be identified?
What developmental concern is illustrated by a child with cerebral palsy who can talk but cannot sit?
What developmental concern is illustrated by a child with cerebral palsy who can talk but cannot sit?
Which of the following describes a common characteristic of children with autism spectrum disorder in terms of development?
Which of the following describes a common characteristic of children with autism spectrum disorder in terms of development?
What role do certain polymorphisms of specific genes play in the context of maternal stress?
What role do certain polymorphisms of specific genes play in the context of maternal stress?
How can maternal prenatal stress be particularly influential for children?
How can maternal prenatal stress be particularly influential for children?
What can exacerbate a child's adjustment to adversity according to the content?
What can exacerbate a child's adjustment to adversity according to the content?
In families with rigidly defined parental subsystems, what consequence might children face?
In families with rigidly defined parental subsystems, what consequence might children face?
What is a consequence of poorly defined parent-child boundaries?
What is a consequence of poorly defined parent-child boundaries?
What does family systems theory suggest about the roles individuals adopt?
What does family systems theory suggest about the roles individuals adopt?
How does the concept of temperament assist parents in understanding their children?
How does the concept of temperament assist parents in understanding their children?
What implication does birth order have on personality development according to the content?
What implication does birth order have on personality development according to the content?
Study Notes
Developmental Models
- Medical Model focuses on signs and symptoms for diagnosing and treating diseases, neglecting social and psychological aspects.
- Biopsychosocial Model integrates societal and community systems, recognizing broader influences on an individual's health and development.
- The Ecobiodevelopmental Framework considers how childhood ecology (social and physical environments) interacts with biological processes to affect outcomes and life trajectories.
- Early stressors influence the body’s stress response, impacting brain development and gene expression.
Temperamental Characteristics
- Temperament is seen as biologically inherited, with estimates showing genetic differences contribute 20–60% to variability among individuals.
- Maternal prenatal stress has a noted impact on child temperament.
- Caregiver stability and presence play crucial roles in moderating temperament and buffering adverse influences, particularly in homes with mental health challenges.
Family Dynamics and Influence
- Families operate as systems, with defined roles that can affect children's decision-making and resilience.
- Children may exhibit vulnerabilities based on poorly defined boundaries within the family structure.
- The importance of nurturing caregivers is emphasized, as they provide essential emotional support.
Psychosocial Development (Erikson's Theory)
- Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months to 3 years) involves children seeking control; caregivers should promote independence to encourage self-confidence.
- Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 11 years) emphasizes mastering new skills and developing self-control; successful navigation results in a sense of competence.
Developmental Screening
- Developmental Delay occurs when milestones are attained with significant delay across one or more streams (e.g., speech or motor skills).
- Developmental Deviance is characterized by atypical milestone attainment, often seen in autism spectrum disorder cases.
- Developmental Dissociation denotes significant disparities in achievement across different developmental domains.
- Developmental Regression involves the loss of previously learned skills (e.g., language).
Red Flags in Developmental Screening
- Instances of exceptional skill in one area before foundational skills (e.g., reciting the alphabet or identifying flags without basic speech) warrant further assessment.
- Observational tools (like PPS) are utilized to track developmental milestones and identify areas requiring intervention.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to developmental screening and various theories of development from conception to adulthood. It is designed for students in the field of medicine and psychology, providing a comprehensive understanding of human development stages. Test your knowledge and solidify your grasp on these pivotal theories.
