Computer System Components and Languages

Computer System Components

• A computer system consists of hardware and software components.

Compilation Process

• Lexical analysis is the first phase of compilation, which breaks the source code into a series of tokens.
• The purpose of lexical analysis is to identify the keywords, identifiers, and symbols in the source code.

Compiler Role

• A compiler translates source code into machine code, allowing the computer to execute the program.
• The main function of a software compiler is to translate high-level language code into low-level machine code.

Binary Code

• Binary codes are difficult to work with because they are represented as a series of 0s and 1s, making them hard to read and understand.

Hardware Component Role

• The hardware component of a computer system executes the machine code generated by the compiler.

Syntax Analysis Phase

• The purpose of the Syntax Analysis phase is to check if the tokens produced by the lexical analyzer follow the rules of the language.

Semantic Analyzer Phase

• The Semantic Analyzer phase checks the meaning of the source code, ensuring that it is semantically correct.

Intermediate Code Generator Phase

• The Intermediate Code Generator phase produces an intermediate code, which is independent of the target machine.

Cross Compiler

• The primary function of a cross compiler is to compile code for a different platform or architecture.
• Retargeting in the context of cross compilers refers to the process of generating code for a different target machine.

Code Generation Phase

• The Code Generation phase produces the final machine language code.

Synthesis Phase

• The Code Generation phase bridges the analysis and synthesis phase of translation.

Code Optimizer Phase

• The primary function of the Code Optimizer phase is to improve the efficiency and performance of the generated code.

Parse Tree Construction

• The Syntax Analysis phase takes tokens produced by the lexical analyzer as input and constructs a parse tree.
• The Syntax Analysis phase checks whether the parse tree constructed follows the rules of the language.