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Questions and Answers
A computer program is written using a specific set of instructions known as a ______
programming language
Software, also known as programs or apps, are sets of instructions executed by a computer system to perform ______
tasks
Common ______ include Python, Java, C++, Ruby, JavaScript, PHP
programming languages
Computers consist of four primary components: programming languages, software, hardware, and ______
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There are two broad categories of software: system software and ______ software
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System software includes the basic utilities required to operate a computer system, like file management tools, drivers, and ______.
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Application software provides unique services to end-users, such as word processors or ______.
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Hardware refers to all physical parts of a computer system, such as microprocessors, memory chips, storage drives, monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, speakers, etc.. Hardware is responsible for carrying out the actual computations performed by a given computer program. It interacts closely with both software and networking layers through interfaces like USB ports, network cards, Bluetooth, WiFi modules, etc.
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Networks allow computers to communicate with one another over distances via cables or ______ connections.
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An operating system manages resources on behalf of computer programs. The most common types of modern OSes are Windows, macOS, and ______.
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Study Notes
Computer Systems Overview
The term 'computer' refers to a general purpose device designed to carry out complex mathematical calculations quickly and efficiently, often with additional functions such as inputting data, storing information, and displaying output. Computers can be found in various sizes and configurations, from small handheld devices like smartphones and calculators to large mainframes used by businesses and governments. They consist of four primary components: programming languages, software, hardware, and networks, each playing crucial roles in how computers operate and interact with users and other devices.
Programming Languages
A computer program is written using a specific set of instructions known as a programming language. These languages define the syntax and semantics of code that will run on a particular type of machine. Common programming languages include Python, Java, C++, Ruby, JavaScript, PHP, etc., each with its own strengths and limitations. Some popular programming languages have been around since before the advent of modern computers; FORTRAN was first developed in the early 1950s for scientific computing purposes.
Software
Software, also known as programs or apps, are sets of instructions executed by a computer system to perform tasks. There are two broad categories of software: system software and application software. System software includes the basic utilities required to operate a computer system, like file management tools, drivers, and operating systems. Application software, on the other hand, provides unique services to end-users, such as word processors or games.
Hardware
Hardware refers to all physical parts of a computer system, such as microprocessors, memory chips, storage drives, monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, speakers, etc.. Hardware is responsible for carrying out the actual computations performed by a given computer program. It interacts closely with both software and networking layers through interfaces like USB ports, network cards, Bluetooth, WiFi modules, etc.
Networks
Networks allow computers to communicate with one another over distances via cables or wireless connections. This communication might involve sharing files or sending emails between different locations. Modern high-speed Internet access has enabled global collaboration between individuals and organizations, leading to what some call "the internet age". However, these advances in connectivity also bring security concerns because hackers may exploit vulnerabilities within networks to steal sensitive user data.
Operating Systems
An operating system manages resources on behalf of computer programs. For example, when you open Microsoft Word, your operating system allocates space in RAM for the Word document, determines where to find it on disk if needed, makes sure there's enough free CPU time for it to function properly, among many other behind-the-scenes activities. The most common types of modern OSes are Windows, macOS, and Linux, although there are hundreds more available today.
In summary, understanding the role played by each component—programming languages, software, hardware, networks, and operating systems—helps us appreciate the complexity of contemporary computing technology while recognizing our growing reliance on it across multiple aspects of life. As we move forward into a future filled with unprecedented technological advancements, this knowledge serves not only to enhance our competence in utilizing these powerful machines but also reminds us that these powerful tools exist primarily due to human ingenuity and creativity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on computer systems, including programming languages, software, hardware, networks, and operating systems. Learn about the key components that make up a computer and how they interact to perform various tasks.
