Computer Programs: Instructions, CPU, and Memory

The central processing unit, or ______, is the primary component responsible for executing programs in a computer.

A program, when executed by the CPU, is stored in the computer’s main ______, also known as RAM.

Each location in the computer’s main memory has a sequence number called its ______, which the CPU uses for accessing instructions or data.

Computers can only directly execute programs written in a very simple type of language called ______ language.

Besides the active program, computer ______ can also hold data that is being used or processed by the program.

The CPU can ______ information in memory by specifying what to store and the address of the storage location.

To access instructions or data in memory, the CPU sends the information's ______ as a signal to the memory.

Programs written in other languages need to be ______ into machine language before a computer can execute them.

In a computer system, devices like the keyboard and network interface generate input for the CPU; the CPU detects this data by either continuously checking for it, a method known as ______, or by responding to signals called interrupts.

To handle an interrupt, the CPU saves its current state, including the contents of internal registers like the ______, before executing the interrupt handler.

Instead of inefficiently polling input devices, a CPU can use ______, which are signals from devices that require the CPU's immediate attention.

When a key is pressed on a keyboard, a ______ is sent to the CPU, prompting it to interrupt its current task to process the key press.

Upon receiving an interrupt signal, the CPU suspends its current task and executes a set of instructions specifically designed to handle the interrupt; these instructions are known as an ______.

The inefficiency of polling is primarily due to the CPU wasting time ______ for input, when it could be performing other computations.

A device signals an interrupt to the CPU by ______ a wire, triggering the CPU to save its state and execute the appropriate interrupt handler.

The CPU is designed to automatically save information, such as the contents of important internal registers, so that it can return to the ______ state after handling an interrupt.

In Java, the whole applet is considered a ______.

Java has two complete sets of GUI components: the AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) and ______.

Clicking a push button or pressing return in a text field in a Java applet generates an ______.

When an event is generated in a Java applet, a ______ is sent to the applet, informing it of the occurrence.

Java GUI components are implemented as ______, allowing for object-oriented programming principles to be applied to UI development.

In a Java applet, a ______ component appears alongside the text area when the number of lines of text exceeds the display area.

The program primarily consists of ______ that dictate how the applet responds to various types of events.

The right half of the applet is a ______ component, which can display multiple lines of text.

OOP serves as both a program-development instrument and a preliminary resolution for the problem of software ______.

If a class almost fits into a program, it can be reused by defining a ______ and making small changes necessary to adapt it exactly to your needs.

In early computing, programs and data were submitted by users to white-coated attendants who would feed them to the computer and return the response after some time, due to the inaccessibility of computers to ordinary people, including most ______.

The interaction between a user and a computer, where commands are typed and the computer types back its response, is known as a ______-line interface.

Today, most people interact with computers using a ______ User Interface (GUI), which includes components like windows, scroll bars, and menus.

GUI interface components, such as windows and buttons, have become fairly ______ across different computer platforms like Macintosh, Windows, and Linux.

Java programs are designed to run on many different platforms without modification and can use all the standard GUI components; their functionality should be ______ on any computer on which the program runs.

An "______" is a Java program that is meant to appear on a Web page and often showcases standard GUI interface components.

A web browser uses a protocol called ______ to send each page request and to receive the response from the web server.

Special Java programs called ______ are designed to be transmitted over the Internet and displayed on Web pages.

A Web browser that includes an interpreter for the Java ______ can run Java applications right on the Web page.

Java's ______ makes it possible to write network programs that work on many different types of computer.

The web browser sends a ______ for a specific page to the computer where the page is stored.

When the computer that stores a webpage sends back the page's data, this is called a ______.

The programs known as ______ allow web pages to become more than just displays of passive information.

Many large websites use web server software written in ______ because it includes excellent support for network protocols.

[Blank] connections to the Internet, such as DSL and cable modems, are increasingly common and allow faster data transmission than telephone modems.

A ______ is a detailed specification of how communication is to proceed over the Internet, ensuring that computers can understand each other.

The Internet Protocol (______) specifies how data is physically transmitted from one computer to another across the Internet.

The ______ Control Protocol (TCP) ensures that data sent using IP is received in its entirety and without error, confirming reliable communication.

All communication over the Internet is in the form of ______, which consist of data and addressing information.

A ______ includes addressing information that indicates where on the Internet the data is supposed to go, similar to an envelope with an address.

GUI's with their visible objects are probably a major factor contributing to the popularity of ______.

Long messages must be divided among several ______, which are then sent individually over the net and reassembled at their destination.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Program

Machine Language

Main Memory (RAM)

Address

Fetch and Execute Cycle

Instructions

Memory

CPU

Data Bus

Address bus

Control bus

Polling

Interrupt

Interrupt handler

Interrupt Signaling

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Software Reuse

Subclass

Command-Line Interface

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

GUI Components

Applet

Platform Independence

Text Area Component

AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit)

Swing

Event (GUI)

Event Handler

Messages (in Event Handling)

GUI Components as Objects

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Network

Internet

Broadband

Protocol

TCP/IP

Internet Protocol (IP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Web Browser

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

Java Applets

Asynchronous Event

Java-enabled Web browser

Java Applications

Web Server Software