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Questions and Answers
What is a USB drive also commonly known as?
Which device is specifically used in smaller electronic devices like mobile phones?
What is a key feature of online cloud storage?
What is one common characteristic of flash memory devices?
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Which of the following devices typically provides higher storage capacity compared to a USB drive?
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What is the primary purpose of an input/output device in a microcomputer system?
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What is a significant advantage of using flash memory devices for data storage?
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In which format are SD cards usually available?
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What is the first step in the fetch-execute cycle?
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Which component of the CPU is responsible for issuing micro-orders?
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How does the processor know where the user program is located in memory?
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What does the execution of an instruction typically involve?
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Which type of registers are used for any purpose within the CPU?
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What part of the CPU performs arithmetic and logical operations?
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What component connects the registers to the data bus during an instruction execution?
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What happens to the fetch-execute cycle when there are no more instructions to execute?
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What is the primary function of the electron beam in a CRT monitor?
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What happens to the image on the screen when it's not refreshed?
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How many times must the electron beam scan the screen to keep the image from flickering?
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What does a bit-mapped display require in terms of memory compared to a character-addressable display?
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Which application would most benefit from a bit-mapped display?
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What is a characteristic of a character-addressable display?
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What determines the screen resolution of a monitor?
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What is one disadvantage of having a monitor with a higher resolution?
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What is a primary disadvantage of LCD displays compared to CRT and plasma displays?
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What is the primary function of utility software?
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What is the maximum printing speed achievable by printers mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of printer mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of antivirus software?
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How do impact printers produce an image on paper?
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What term is used to describe the output of an assembler program?
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How does an assembler function?
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What is the function of impact printers as described in the content?
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What type of character printing device prints one character at a time in impact printers?
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Which software would be used for disk defragmentation?
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What types of outputs can printers produce as mentioned in the content?
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What is the main purpose of a compiler?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature provided by utility software?
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What influences the quality of an LCD display?
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What is the sequence of assembler instructions called?
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Study Notes
Processor Execution Cycle
- The processor continuously executes a fetch-execute cycle.
- Fetch: Retrieves an instruction from memory.
- Decode: Determines the type of instruction.
- Execute: Performs the action specified by the instruction, fetching operands, executing the operation, and writing results back.
Instruction Origin and Location
- Programs, whether in high-level or assembly language, provide a sequence of instructions to perform a task.
- Compilers or assemblers translate these instructions into machine language understood by the processor.
- The operating system loads the user program into main memory.
- The operating system informs the processor about the program's location and instructs it to execute.
CPU Control Unit and Micro-Orders
- The control unit issues micro-orders, individual control signals, to define the CPU's actions during an execution cycle.
- Micro-orders control specific components like registers and the data bus.
CPU Components
- A central processing unit (CPU) consists of three main components:
- Register set: Stores data for fast access.
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
- Control Unit (CU): Controls the flow of instructions and data.
Flash Memory Devices
- USB Drive (Pen Drive): Portable storage device ranging from 2 GB to 1 TB.
- Memory Card: Used in mobile phones and digital cameras to store images, videos, and audio.
- Memory Stick: Developed by Sony, offers high storage capacity and fast data transfer.
- SD Card (Secure Digital Card): Available in mini and micro sizes, used in various electronic devices.
Online Cloud Storage
- Data centers accessible over the internet for users to store databases and files.
- Allows convenient data access from anywhere with an internet connection.
Input and Output Devices
- CRT Monitor: Displays images by scanning the screen with an electron beam, refreshing the image frequently.
- LCD Display: Flat-panel display using liquid crystals to control light transmission. Less bright and with lower resolution compared to CRTs.
-
Printers: Output devices that produce permanent visual records of data.
-
Impact Printers: Print by striking a character form against an inked ribbon.
- Dot Matrix Printers: Characters formed by a pattern of dots created by wires.
-
Impact Printers: Print by striking a character form against an inked ribbon.
Utility Software
- Antivirus and Security Software: Protects files and applications from malware.
- Disk Partition Services: Manage and configure hard drive partitions.
- Disk Defragmentation: Organizes scattered files on the hard drive for better performance.
- File Compression: Reduces file size for storage and transmission.
Assemblers
- Programs that translate assembler language (assembly language) instructions into machine code.
- Assembler instructions correspond to basic machine operations.
- Assemblers convert each instruction into a bit pattern.
Compilers
- Translate programming language source code into machine code, bytecode, or another programming language.
- Enable programmers to write code in higher-level languages, which are more human-readable than machine code.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of the processor's execution cycle, which includes fetching, decoding, and executing instructions. Understand how programs translate into machine language and how the CPU control unit operates with micro-orders to manage execution processes. Test your knowledge in this essential area of computer architecture.
