Computer Architecture Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?

The ALU performs the required microoperations for executing instructions.

The register set in a CPU stores data that is used only at the start of program execution.

False

What role does the control unit play in the CPU?

The control unit supervises the transfer of information among the registers and instructs the ALU on which operation to perform.

What key concepts are included within computer architecture?

Instruction formats, addressing modes, instruction set, and general organization of CPU registers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories are computer architectures classified into based on their CPU register organization?

RISC and CISC Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of computer architecture based on memory usage for programs and data?

Embedded and non-embedded Signup and view all the answers

Why are intermediate values stored in processor registers?

To make CPU tasks more efficient and convenient. Signup and view all the answers

CPU registers are connected through a separate, dedicated bus system.

True Signup and view all the answers

Registers only communicate with each other for direct data transfers.

False Signup and view all the answers

What essential role does the ALU play in a CPU?

The ALU performs all the arithmetic, logic, and shift microoperations in the processor. Signup and view all the answers

How is the ALU connected to the various registers within the CPU?

Through a common bus system. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary components of a CPU?

Control unit, ALU, and register set. Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a dedicated storage location within the CPU that can hold a single value.

register Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 3-to-8 decoder in the CPU diagram?

Selects one register for data input. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the CPU diagram to their function:

SELA = Select a register for data input SELB = Select a register for data input SELD = Select a register for data output OPR = Select the ALU operation to be performed Signup and view all the answers

A binary code of '000' refers to the ALU selecting Register 1 for data input.

False Signup and view all the answers

The ______ field in the control word determines the specific ALU operation to be executed.

OPR Signup and view all the answers

What operation is represented by the symbol 'TSFA'?

Transfer A Signup and view all the answers

What ALU operation is represented by the symbol 'SUB'?

Subtract A − B Signup and view all the answers

What does the control word '010 011 001 00101' represent?

R1←R2 − R3 Signup and view all the answers

The control word '100 101 100 01010' represents an operation where the value in Register 4 is ORed (logical OR) with the value in Register 5, and the result is stored in Register 4.

True Signup and view all the answers

The control word '001 000 111 00000' represents the 'TSFA' operation where Register ______ is the source of the data.

R1 Signup and view all the answers

What operation is represented by the control word '100 000 100 11000'?

R4←sh1 R4 Signup and view all the answers

What does the control word '101 101 101 01100' represent?

R5←0 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs data processing operations
Register sets hold immediate data during instruction execution
A control unit manages information transfer between registers and directs the ALU
Computer architecture details instruction formats, addressing modes, instruction sets, and CPU register organization

Types of Architecture

Computer architecture defines instruction formats, addressing modes, instruction sets, and CPU register organization
Two main CPU register types exist: Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) and Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
Two computer architectures exist based on memory usage: embedded (Harvard architecture) and non-embedded (stored program computer SPC).

General Register Organization

Intermediate values are stored in processor registers for efficient CPU tasks
Registers are connected via a common bus system enabling efficient communication
Registers transmit data directly and perform various micro-operations via a common unit enabling arithmetic, logical, and shift micro-operations.

Bus System

A bus system connects registers and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) facilitating data transfer and processing
Registers are connected to the ALU and other registers via a bus
Selectors (e.g., SELA, SELB, SELD) and an operation register (OPR) control the operation of the bus and ALU

Encoding of Register Selection Fields

Binary codes control register selection (e.g., 000 selects no register, 001 selects R1, etc.)
Different binary codes correspond to different registers (R1 to R7)

Encoding of ALU Operations

Different binary codes correspond to various ALU operations (e.g., add, subtract, AND, OR, XOR, shift operations).

Examples of Microoperations for the CPU

Example micro-operations demonstrate how control words govern register interactions and ALU operations
Various micro-operations like R1←R2-R3 are demonstrated.
Micro-operations are specified by control words.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of computer architecture, including the functions of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the organization of CPU registers. This quiz covers types of architectures like RISC and CISC, along with embedded and non-embedded systems.