Computer Architecture - Assembly Language and CPU Architecture Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How many registers does the Y86-64 simulated CPU have?

15 (correct)

What are the two major types of Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs) today?

RISC and ARM

x86 and PowerPC

RISC and CISC (correct)

MIPS and CISC

How many condition codes (flags) does the Y86-64 simulated CPU have?

4 flags: ZF, SF, CF, and OF

5 flags: ZF, SF, CF, OF, and AF

2 flags: ZF and CF

3 flags: ZF, SF, and OF (correct)

What kind of operands can the Y86 simulated CPU work on?

Signed operands Signup and view all the answers

How many bytes can the Y86 simulated CPU work on?

8 bytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)?

To define the interface between software and hardware Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of assembly language instructions and machine language instructions?

Multiple assembly language instructions correspond to a single machine language instruction. Signup and view all the answers

Do different CPU architectures like Intel, ARM, Mac M1, etc., use the same assembly language?

No, each CPU architecture has its own unique assembly language. Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of assembly language instructions correspond to a high-level language statement?

Multiple assembly language instructions correspond to a single high-level language statement. Signup and view all the answers

What makes the Y86-64 simulated CPU unique in terms of its architecture?

Its number of registers is unlike that found in real CPUs. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) of a processor?

The programming interface visible to human programmers. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that Y86-64 uses signed operands?

It simplifies arithmetic operations. Signup and view all the answers

How do big-endian and little-endian systems differ in storing multi-byte data in memory?

Big-endian systems store data with the most significant byte first. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in the sizes of operands Y86-64 can work on compared to real CPUs?

$8$ bytes in Y86-64 versus variable sizes in real CPUs. Signup and view all the answers

How many condition codes (flags) does Y86-64 have, and what are they used for?

$3$ flags: Zero Flag (ZF), Sign Flag (SF), and Overflow Flag (OF) for indicating different conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Y86-64 Simulated CPU Overview

Y86-64 has a total of 14 registers, including general-purpose registers and special registers.
The two major types of Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs) today are Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC).
Y86-64 features 4 condition codes (flags), which include zero, sign, overflow, and carry flags, used for decision-making in operations.

Operand and Data Handling

The Y86 simulated CPU can work with multiple types of operands, including registers, immediate values, and memory locations.
Y86 simulated CPU operates primarily on 8-byte data, facilitating extensive data manipulation.
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) defines the interface between software and hardware, detailing how instructions are processed by the CPU.

Assembly and Machine Language

There is a direct relationship where each assembly language instruction corresponds to a machine language instruction, with one instruction typically translating to one machine language encoding.
Different CPU architectures like Intel, ARM, and Mac M1 do not use the same assembly language, leading to unique sets of assembly instructions tailored for each architecture.

High-Level Language and Assembly Language

The relationship between assembly language instructions and high-level language statements is not one-to-one; multiple assembly instructions may be needed to execute a single high-level statement.

Unique Aspects of Y86-64

Y86-64 is unique due to its simplified architecture designed for educational use while still reflecting real-world CPU principles.
The ISA of a processor is characterized by the size and type of data it can process, instruction formats, and addressing modes.

Operand Storage and Data Formats

Y86-64’s use of signed operands allows for a broader range of integer representations, enabling calculations involving negative numbers to be accurate.
In storing multi-byte data, big-endian systems store the most significant byte first, while little-endian systems store the least significant byte first.

Operand Size Comparison

The primary difference in operand sizes is that Y86-64 operates on 8-byte operands, whereas many real CPUs may support a wider range of operand sizes.

Condition Codes in Y86-64

Y86-64 has 4 condition codes (flags) used to influence the control flow of programs by indicating conditions that result from arithmetic and logical operations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on assembly language instructions, CPU architectures, and Instruction Set Architecture in computer systems. Questions cover topics like the correspondence between assembly and machine language instructions, the diversity of assembly languages across different CPU types, and the relationship between high-level language statements and assembly instructions.