Computer Architecture 2: Assembly Language Basics

Machine language and assembly language.

Assembly language uses symbols to represent instructions, making it slightly easier to understand than machine language.

The Assembler is a program that converts instructions written in assembly language into machine language.

<p>Assembly language is much easier to read and write. (A), Assembly language can access hardware resources more directly. (B), Assembly language is generally more efficient in terms of code size and execution speed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide comments and notes for the programmer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The MOV instruction is used to move data from one location to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DEC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADD (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DIV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The XCHG instruction swaps the contents of two registers or a register and a memory location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>XLAT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The AND operation performs a bit-by-bit logical AND on the operand values. If both bits are 1, the resulting bit is 1. Otherwise, it is 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The OR operation performs a bit-by-bit logical OR on the operand values. If either bit is 1, the resulting bit is 1. Otherwise, it is 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The XOR operation performs a bit-by-bit logical XOR on the operand values. If the two bits are different, the resulting bit is 1. Otherwise, it is 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The NOT operation inverts each individual bit in the operand value. It changes 0s to 1s and 1s to 0s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A language directly understood by the computer, using binary code (0s and 1s).

A symbolic representation of machine language using mnemonic codes, easier than writing binary directly.

A program converting Assembly Language into Machine Language, making it executable by the computer.

A piece of code giving instructions to the processor, typically a set of binary digits.

A type of instruction understood by the assembler, but not directly translated to machine code. These are comments providing information for the programmer.

An instruction directly converted into machine code and executed by the processor.

They are the core instructions that are directly converted into machine code and executed by the processor. Examples include MOV, ADD, SUB.

A reserved location in the CPU used to store data temporarily, allowing for fast processing.

A specific register often used for arithmetic and logical operations.

An instruction used to move data between registers, memory locations, or immediate values.

A type of data that's directly included within the instruction. It is not stored in memory or registers before being used and is usually a constant value.

An instruction used to add data to a specific location (register or memory). This is done with the ADD command.

An instruction used for subtracting data from a specific location (register or memory). This is done with the SUB command.

An instruction for incrementing (adding 1) to the value stored in a register or memory location. This is done with the INC command.

An instruction for decrementing (subtracting 1) from the value stored in a register or memory location. This is done with the DEC command.

An instruction used to exchange the contents of two registers or a register and a memory location. This is achieved with the XCHG command.

An instruction used to convert a value into its negative counterpart, often used in arithmetic operations. This is done using the NEG command.

A type of memory location with an assigned name where data can be stored during program execution.

A specific instruction used to test if there are any bits set to 1 in a register or memory location. This is done with the TST command.

An instruction for comparing the values of two operands (registers, memory locations, or immediate values). This is achieved using the CMP command

A conditional jump instruction, allowing the program to alter its flow based on a specific condition. This is done with the Jcc command (where 'cc' represents various conditions).

An instruction used to perform bit-by-bit AND operations between two operands. This is done with the AND command.

An instruction for performing bit-by-bit OR operations between two operands. This is done with the OR command.

An instruction for performing bit-by-bit Exclusive OR (XOR) operations between two operands. This is done with the XOR command.

An instruction used to invert the bits of a register or memory location. This is done with the NOT command.

A special instruction that allows the program to directly access memory addresses.

A technique where the CPU accesses memory locations in a sequential manner.

A type of addressing where the final memory address is calculated by adding a constant offset to the contents of a specified register.

An instruction used to perform multiplication operations. This is done with the MUL command.

A specific instruction used to perform division operations. This is achieved with the DIV command.

This is a useful instruction that is used to take the contents of the memory location and combine them with another value. There is no special symbol for this, as this is more of an addressing mode.