Computational Thinking and Flowcharts Lecture 2
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Questions and Answers

What is a flowchart?

A flowchart is a pictorial or diagrammatic representation of an algorithm using standard symbols.

What are the standard symbols used in flowcharts?

  • Flow lines
  • Terminal (Stop/Start)
  • Input/Output
  • Processing
  • Decision
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the purpose of a flowchart?

  • To represent the flow of logic in an algorithm
  • To visualize the sequence of operations
  • To solve problems under consideration
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Flowcharts should contain multiple start and end symbols.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The direction of arrows in a flowchart should be from bottom to top and right to left.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between hardware and software?

    <p>Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, while software refers to the programs and instructions that tell the hardware what to do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the CPU in a computer system?

    <p>The CPU is the central processing unit of a computer, responsible for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is RAM?

    <p>RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is a type of temporary storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAM is permanent storage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of secondary storage?

    <p>Secondary storage provides a way to store data persistently even when the computer is turned off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are common types of secondary storage devices?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of software?

    <p>The two main categories of software are system software and application software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are examples of system software?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are examples of application software?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a computer program?

    <p>A computer program is a set of instructions written in a programming language that the computer follows to perform a task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A computer's CPU can directly process instructions that are written in a programming language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of programming languages?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low-level programming languages are easier for humans to understand than high-level languages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of popular programming languages?

    <p>Some examples of popular programming languages include Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, Ruby, and C#.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is data representation important for computers?

    <p>Data representation is essential because computers can only process data in binary form, which means that all data, including numbers, text, and images, must be converted into a sequence of 0s and 1s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ASCII and Unicode?

    <p>ASCII uses a 7-bit code to represent 128 different characters, including letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. Unicode, on the other hand, uses a 32-bit code and can represent 232 different characters, including a broader range of characters from different languages worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unicode is a newer character encoding standard than ASCII.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a byte?

    <p>A byte is a unit of digital information that is equal to 8 bits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents 1 Kilobyte in bytes?

    <p>1024 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the various units used to measure data?

    <p>Different units are used to measure data, including bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes, and even larger units like exabytes, zettabytes, and yottabytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A computer can only process data in the form of 0s and 1s.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computational Thinking and Computer Systems

    • Lecture 2 focused on computational thinking and computer systems.
    • One topic covered was algorithm representation using flowcharts.
    • Objectives listed for the lecture included flowchart concepts, standard flowchart symbols, rules for drawing flowcharts, the computer system (hardware and software), and data representation (ASCII and Unicode).

    Flowcharts

    • A flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm.
    • It uses standard symbols to depict various steps in a process.
    • The symbols are interconnected to show the flow of information and operations.
    • Standards like the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) guide the use of these symbols.
    • Key flowchart symbols and their purposes were presented:
      • Flow line (indicates the sequence)
      • Terminal/Start/Stop (indicates beginning and end)
      • Input/Output (for input and output operations)
      • Processing (for arithmetic and data manipulations, like X+Y)
      • Decision (for decision-making points)
    • Rules for drawing effective flowcharts were given
      • One start and one stop symbol within a flowchart.
      • The use of correct symbols to represent steps.
      • Arrangement in a top-to-bottom, left-to-right order.
      • Clarity for ease of understanding, and use of consistent names and variables.

    Examples of Flowcharts

    • Examples were provided on how to create a flowchart to add two numbers, calculate simple interest, find the area and perimeter of a circle, find the greater number between two numbers, calculate sphere volume, find factorial of a number, and sum integers from 1 to 100.

    Computer System

    • Hardware: Physical components of a computer system:
      • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
      • Main Memory (RAM)
      • Secondary Storage Devices (like disk drives)
      • Input Devices
      • Output Devices
    • Software: Programs that run on the computer system
      • System software (e.g., operating systems, utility programs, development tools)
      • Application software (e.g., word processors, web browsers, games)

    Data Representation

    • Computers use binary code (0s and 1s).
    • Different coding standards are used to represent characters, numbers and symbols:
      • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) uses 7-bit codes to represent 128 characters.
      • Unicode uses 32-bits or more for representing a wider range of characters across different languages.
    • Data units for various representations:
      • Bit (smallest unit, either 1 or 0).
      • Byte (eight bits).
      • Word (two bytes or sixteen bits).
      • Other units (kilo byte, mega byte, and so on)

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    Lecture 2: Flowcharts and Computer System PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on Lecture 2 of the Computational Thinking and Computer Systems course. It covers the fundamentals of flowcharting, including concepts, standard symbols, and rules for creating effective flowcharts. Additionally, it explores the components of computer systems, including hardware, software, and data representation.

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