Comparison of Salmonella and Shigella
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Comparison of Salmonella and Shigella

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Questions and Answers

Which organism has a unique property that includes a salmon-colored truncal macular rash?

  • Salmonella spp except S typhi
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella typhi (ty-Vi) (correct)
  • None of the above

    • What is the primary immune response associated with Shigella infections?

  • Primarily PMN infiltration (correct)
  • Lymphocyte dominated
  • Primarily monocytes
  • PMNs in disseminated disease

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding the infectious dose of Salmonella typhi?

  • It is stable in gastric acids.
  • It is resistant to antibiotics.
  • It requires a low inoculum to cause infection.
  • It is highly acid-labile. (correct)

    • What effect do antibiotics have on fecal excretion for Salmonella typhi?

    <p>They prolong the duration of fecal excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine is available for Salmonella typhi?

    <p>Oral vaccine with live attenuated S typhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the spread mechanism of Shigella from Salmonella typhi?

    <p>Shigella spreads via cell to cell transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism requires a higher infectious dose due to its acid-labile nature?

    <p>Salmonella typhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the immune response to Salmonella typhi infections?

    <p>Primarily monocytes are involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine is available for Salmonella typhi?

    <p>Live attenuated vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogenic feature is unique to Shigella compared to Salmonella species?

    <p>Ability to invade M cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune response associated with infections caused by Salmonella spp except S typhi?

    <p>Primarily PMN infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is associated with high infectious doses and is inactivated by gastric acids?

    <p>Salmonella typhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique gastrointestinal manifestation is primarily associated with Shigella infections?

    <p>Crampy abdominal pain and tenesmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment approach is typically recommended for infections caused by Salmonella spp except S typhi?

    <p>Supportive treatment only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes Shigella from both Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp except S typhi?

    <p>Low infectious dose that is acid stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is characterized by a high infectious dose that is acid-labile?

    <p>Salmonella typhi (ty-Vi)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary spread mechanism of Shigella?

    <p>Cell to cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is unique to Salmonella spp except S typhi compared to Salmonella typhi (ty-Vi)?

    <p>Associated with various animal reservoirs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gastrointestinal manifestation is typically associated with Shigella infections?

    <p>Crampy abdominal pain and bloody mucoid stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antibiotics affect fecal excretion in infections caused by Shigella?

    <p>Shortens duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary spread mechanism for Salmonella spp except S typhi?

    <p>Hematogenous spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is associated with a low infectious dose that is acid-stable?

    <p>Shigella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common gastrointestinal manifestation of infections caused by Salmonella typhi?

    <p>Constipation followed by diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is typically recommended for Salmonella typhi infections?

    <p>Ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the virulence factors of Shigella?

    <p>Endotoxin and Shiga toxin (enterotoxin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Comparison of Salmonella and Shigella

    • Reservoirs:

      • Salmonella typhi (ty-Vi) is exclusively found in humans.
      • Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi) can be found in both humans and animals.
      • Shigella is also limited to human hosts.

    • Mode of Spread:

      • Salmonella typhi spreads hematogenously (through the bloodstream).
      • Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) also spreads hematogenously.
      • Shigella spreads cell to cell and does not spread hematogenously.

    • Water Transmission:

      • Both Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. can be spread through contaminated water.
      • Shigella does not spread via water.

    • Flagella Presence:

      • Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. both possess flagella.
      • Shigella lacks flagella.

    • Virulence Factors:

      • Salmonella typhi has endotoxins and a Vi capsule.
      • Salmonella spp. also have endotoxins but lack a Vi capsule.
      • Shigella produces endotoxins and Shiga toxin (which acts as an enterotoxin).

    • Infectious Dose:

      • Salmonella typhi requires a high inoculum for infection and is acid-labile.
      • Salmonella spp. also require a high inoculum.
      • Shigella has a low infectious dose and is acid-stable, allowing it to survive gastric acids.

    • Antibiotic Impact on Fecal Excretion:

      • Antibiotics prolong fecal excretion in cases of Salmonella typhi.
      • In Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi), antibiotics similarly prolong fecal excretion.
      • Shigella treatment with antibiotics shortens the duration of fecal excretion.

    • Immune Response:

      • Infection by Salmonella typhi largely elicits a response characterized by monocytes.
      • Salmonella spp. lead to a response that primarily involves polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in disseminated disease.
      • Shigella infections show predominant PMN infiltration.

    • Gastrointestinal Manifestations:

      • Salmonella typhi typically produces constipation followed by diarrhea.
      • Salmonella spp. commonly cause diarrhea, which can be bloody.
      • Shigella infections are marked by crampy abdominal pain, tenesmus, and bloody mucoid stools, indicative of bacillary dysentery.

    • Vaccination:

      • An oral vaccine exists for Salmonella typhi, containing live attenuated strains, while an intramuscular vaccine comprises Vi capsular polysaccharide.
      • No vaccines are available for other Salmonella spp. or Shigella.

    • Unique Properties:

      • Salmonella typhi is associated with typhoid fever, characterized by a salmon-colored rash, abdominal pain, fever, pulse-temperature dissociation, gastrointestinal ulceration, and a carrier state (gallbladder colonization).
      • Common sources of Salmonella spp. include poultry, eggs, pets, and turtles.
      • Shigella species vary in severity, with S. dysenteriae being most severe, followed by S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei, with their pathogenicity reliant on the invasion of M cells.

    • Treatment Options:

      • Salmonella typhi infections can be treated with ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone.
      • Infections caused by Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) typically involve supportive care, with antibiotics not recommended for immunocompetent individuals.

    Comparison of Salmonella and Shigella

    • Reservoirs:

      • Salmonella typhi (ty-Vi) is exclusively found in humans.
      • Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi) can be found in both humans and animals.
      • Shigella is also limited to human hosts.

    • Mode of Spread:

      • Salmonella typhi spreads hematogenously (through the bloodstream).
      • Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) also spreads hematogenously.
      • Shigella spreads cell to cell and does not spread hematogenously.

    • Water Transmission:

      • Both Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. can be spread through contaminated water.
      • Shigella does not spread via water.

    • Flagella Presence:

      • Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. both possess flagella.
      • Shigella lacks flagella.

    • Virulence Factors:

      • Salmonella typhi has endotoxins and a Vi capsule.
      • Salmonella spp. also have endotoxins but lack a Vi capsule.
      • Shigella produces endotoxins and Shiga toxin (which acts as an enterotoxin).

    • Infectious Dose:

      • Salmonella typhi requires a high inoculum for infection and is acid-labile.
      • Salmonella spp. also require a high inoculum.
      • Shigella has a low infectious dose and is acid-stable, allowing it to survive gastric acids.

    • Antibiotic Impact on Fecal Excretion:

      • Antibiotics prolong fecal excretion in cases of Salmonella typhi.
      • In Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi), antibiotics similarly prolong fecal excretion.
      • Shigella treatment with antibiotics shortens the duration of fecal excretion.

    • Immune Response:

      • Infection by Salmonella typhi largely elicits a response characterized by monocytes.
      • Salmonella spp. lead to a response that primarily involves polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in disseminated disease.
      • Shigella infections show predominant PMN infiltration.

    • Gastrointestinal Manifestations:

      • Salmonella typhi typically produces constipation followed by diarrhea.
      • Salmonella spp. commonly cause diarrhea, which can be bloody.
      • Shigella infections are marked by crampy abdominal pain, tenesmus, and bloody mucoid stools, indicative of bacillary dysentery.

    • Vaccination:

      • An oral vaccine exists for Salmonella typhi, containing live attenuated strains, while an intramuscular vaccine comprises Vi capsular polysaccharide.
      • No vaccines are available for other Salmonella spp. or Shigella.

    • Unique Properties:

      • Salmonella typhi is associated with typhoid fever, characterized by a salmon-colored rash, abdominal pain, fever, pulse-temperature dissociation, gastrointestinal ulceration, and a carrier state (gallbladder colonization).
      • Common sources of Salmonella spp. include poultry, eggs, pets, and turtles.
      • Shigella species vary in severity, with S. dysenteriae being most severe, followed by S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei, with their pathogenicity reliant on the invasion of M cells.

    • Treatment Options:

      • Salmonella typhi infections can be treated with ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone.
      • Infections caused by Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) typically involve supportive care, with antibiotics not recommended for immunocompetent individuals.

    Comparison of Salmonella and Shigella

    • Reservoirs:

      • Salmonella typhi (ty-Vi) is exclusively found in humans.
      • Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi) can be found in both humans and animals.
      • Shigella is also limited to human hosts.

    • Mode of Spread:

      • Salmonella typhi spreads hematogenously (through the bloodstream).
      • Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) also spreads hematogenously.
      • Shigella spreads cell to cell and does not spread hematogenously.

    • Water Transmission:

      • Both Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. can be spread through contaminated water.
      • Shigella does not spread via water.

    • Flagella Presence:

      • Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. both possess flagella.
      • Shigella lacks flagella.

    • Virulence Factors:

      • Salmonella typhi has endotoxins and a Vi capsule.
      • Salmonella spp. also have endotoxins but lack a Vi capsule.
      • Shigella produces endotoxins and Shiga toxin (which acts as an enterotoxin).

    • Infectious Dose:

      • Salmonella typhi requires a high inoculum for infection and is acid-labile.
      • Salmonella spp. also require a high inoculum.
      • Shigella has a low infectious dose and is acid-stable, allowing it to survive gastric acids.

    • Antibiotic Impact on Fecal Excretion:

      • Antibiotics prolong fecal excretion in cases of Salmonella typhi.
      • In Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi), antibiotics similarly prolong fecal excretion.
      • Shigella treatment with antibiotics shortens the duration of fecal excretion.

    • Immune Response:

      • Infection by Salmonella typhi largely elicits a response characterized by monocytes.
      • Salmonella spp. lead to a response that primarily involves polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in disseminated disease.
      • Shigella infections show predominant PMN infiltration.

    • Gastrointestinal Manifestations:

      • Salmonella typhi typically produces constipation followed by diarrhea.
      • Salmonella spp. commonly cause diarrhea, which can be bloody.
      • Shigella infections are marked by crampy abdominal pain, tenesmus, and bloody mucoid stools, indicative of bacillary dysentery.

    • Vaccination:

      • An oral vaccine exists for Salmonella typhi, containing live attenuated strains, while an intramuscular vaccine comprises Vi capsular polysaccharide.
      • No vaccines are available for other Salmonella spp. or Shigella.

    • Unique Properties:

      • Salmonella typhi is associated with typhoid fever, characterized by a salmon-colored rash, abdominal pain, fever, pulse-temperature dissociation, gastrointestinal ulceration, and a carrier state (gallbladder colonization).
      • Common sources of Salmonella spp. include poultry, eggs, pets, and turtles.
      • Shigella species vary in severity, with S. dysenteriae being most severe, followed by S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei, with their pathogenicity reliant on the invasion of M cells.

    • Treatment Options:

      • Salmonella typhi infections can be treated with ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone.
      • Infections caused by Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) typically involve supportive care, with antibiotics not recommended for immunocompetent individuals.

    Comparison of Salmonella and Shigella

    • Reservoirs:

      • Salmonella typhi (ty-Vi) is exclusively found in humans.
      • Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi) can be found in both humans and animals.
      • Shigella is also limited to human hosts.

    • Mode of Spread:

      • Salmonella typhi spreads hematogenously (through the bloodstream).
      • Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) also spreads hematogenously.
      • Shigella spreads cell to cell and does not spread hematogenously.

    • Water Transmission:

      • Both Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. can be spread through contaminated water.
      • Shigella does not spread via water.

    • Flagella Presence:

      • Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. both possess flagella.
      • Shigella lacks flagella.

    • Virulence Factors:

      • Salmonella typhi has endotoxins and a Vi capsule.
      • Salmonella spp. also have endotoxins but lack a Vi capsule.
      • Shigella produces endotoxins and Shiga toxin (which acts as an enterotoxin).

    • Infectious Dose:

      • Salmonella typhi requires a high inoculum for infection and is acid-labile.
      • Salmonella spp. also require a high inoculum.
      • Shigella has a low infectious dose and is acid-stable, allowing it to survive gastric acids.

    • Antibiotic Impact on Fecal Excretion:

      • Antibiotics prolong fecal excretion in cases of Salmonella typhi.
      • In Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi), antibiotics similarly prolong fecal excretion.
      • Shigella treatment with antibiotics shortens the duration of fecal excretion.

    • Immune Response:

      • Infection by Salmonella typhi largely elicits a response characterized by monocytes.
      • Salmonella spp. lead to a response that primarily involves polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in disseminated disease.
      • Shigella infections show predominant PMN infiltration.

    • Gastrointestinal Manifestations:

      • Salmonella typhi typically produces constipation followed by diarrhea.
      • Salmonella spp. commonly cause diarrhea, which can be bloody.
      • Shigella infections are marked by crampy abdominal pain, tenesmus, and bloody mucoid stools, indicative of bacillary dysentery.

    • Vaccination:

      • An oral vaccine exists for Salmonella typhi, containing live attenuated strains, while an intramuscular vaccine comprises Vi capsular polysaccharide.
      • No vaccines are available for other Salmonella spp. or Shigella.

    • Unique Properties:

      • Salmonella typhi is associated with typhoid fever, characterized by a salmon-colored rash, abdominal pain, fever, pulse-temperature dissociation, gastrointestinal ulceration, and a carrier state (gallbladder colonization).
      • Common sources of Salmonella spp. include poultry, eggs, pets, and turtles.
      • Shigella species vary in severity, with S. dysenteriae being most severe, followed by S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei, with their pathogenicity reliant on the invasion of M cells.

    • Treatment Options:

      • Salmonella typhi infections can be treated with ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone.
      • Infections caused by Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) typically involve supportive care, with antibiotics not recommended for immunocompetent individuals.

    Comparison of Salmonella and Shigella

    • Reservoirs:

      • Salmonella typhi (ty-Vi) is exclusively found in humans.
      • Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi) can be found in both humans and animals.
      • Shigella is also limited to human hosts.

    • Mode of Spread:

      • Salmonella typhi spreads hematogenously (through the bloodstream).
      • Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) also spreads hematogenously.
      • Shigella spreads cell to cell and does not spread hematogenously.

    • Water Transmission:

      • Both Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. can be spread through contaminated water.
      • Shigella does not spread via water.

    • Flagella Presence:

      • Salmonella typhi and Salmonella spp. both possess flagella.
      • Shigella lacks flagella.

    • Virulence Factors:

      • Salmonella typhi has endotoxins and a Vi capsule.
      • Salmonella spp. also have endotoxins but lack a Vi capsule.
      • Shigella produces endotoxins and Shiga toxin (which acts as an enterotoxin).

    • Infectious Dose:

      • Salmonella typhi requires a high inoculum for infection and is acid-labile.
      • Salmonella spp. also require a high inoculum.
      • Shigella has a low infectious dose and is acid-stable, allowing it to survive gastric acids.

    • Antibiotic Impact on Fecal Excretion:

      • Antibiotics prolong fecal excretion in cases of Salmonella typhi.
      • In Salmonella spp. (excluding S. typhi), antibiotics similarly prolong fecal excretion.
      • Shigella treatment with antibiotics shortens the duration of fecal excretion.

    • Immune Response:

      • Infection by Salmonella typhi largely elicits a response characterized by monocytes.
      • Salmonella spp. lead to a response that primarily involves polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in disseminated disease.
      • Shigella infections show predominant PMN infiltration.

    • Gastrointestinal Manifestations:

      • Salmonella typhi typically produces constipation followed by diarrhea.
      • Salmonella spp. commonly cause diarrhea, which can be bloody.
      • Shigella infections are marked by crampy abdominal pain, tenesmus, and bloody mucoid stools, indicative of bacillary dysentery.

    • Vaccination:

      • An oral vaccine exists for Salmonella typhi, containing live attenuated strains, while an intramuscular vaccine comprises Vi capsular polysaccharide.
      • No vaccines are available for other Salmonella spp. or Shigella.

    • Unique Properties:

      • Salmonella typhi is associated with typhoid fever, characterized by a salmon-colored rash, abdominal pain, fever, pulse-temperature dissociation, gastrointestinal ulceration, and a carrier state (gallbladder colonization).
      • Common sources of Salmonella spp. include poultry, eggs, pets, and turtles.
      • Shigella species vary in severity, with S. dysenteriae being most severe, followed by S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei, with their pathogenicity reliant on the invasion of M cells.

    • Treatment Options:

      • Salmonella typhi infections can be treated with ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone.
      • Infections caused by Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi) typically involve supportive care, with antibiotics not recommended for immunocompetent individuals.

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    This quiz explores the differences between Salmonella and Shigella, focusing on their reservoirs, modes of spread, water transmission, and virulence factors. Test your knowledge on how these pathogens differ in terms of their biological characteristics and infection mechanisms.

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