Shigella and Salmonella Quiz L5
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Shigella and Salmonella Quiz L5

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission of Shigella?

  • Fecal-oral (correct)
  • Blood-borne
  • Air-borne
  • Vector-borne

    • A 28-year-old male has been diagnosed with typhoid fever. What is the most common source of transmission for Salmonella typhi?

  • Mosquito bites
  • Animal bites contact
  • Person-to-person
  • Contaminated water (correct)

    • A child is brought to the emergency room with bloody diarrhea and dehydration. Shiga toxin is detected in the stool sample. What complication should be closely monitored in this patient?

  • Septic shock
  • HUS (correct)
  • Neurological sequelae
  • Liver failure

    • Which one of the following organisms is gram -ve, non-lactose fermenter, +ve O antigen and -ve Vi and H antigen?

    <p>Shigella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 48-year-old patient presented with salmonella gastroenteritis. Which of the following morbidities requires mandatory antibiotic therapy?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient came with abdominal cramps, fever and bloody diarrhea. Microbiology lab isolated an organism that was suspected as salmonella spp. or shigella spp. Which one of the following is a differentiating test between the two organisms.

    <p>Production of H2S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for the 4-year-old child presented with fever, diarrhea, and skin rash?

    <p>Typhoid fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you expect the blood culture to show for the child presented with fever, diarrhea, and skin rash?

    <p>Positive for salmonella typhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the growth of black colonies on XLD media for the child presented with fever, diarrhea, and skin rash?

    <p>H2S production by salmonella spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of infectious diarrhea mentioned in the text?

    <p>Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for Shigella infection?

    <p>1-2 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main antigen on the cell membrane of Salmonella typhi?

    <p>Vi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infectious dose for Shigella?

    <p>$200$ organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Salmonella differentiated from Shigella?

    <p>Motility, antigen on cell membrane, non-lactose fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What media is used to differentiate between Salmonella and Shigella?

    <p>HEA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the medical treatments mentioned for Salmonella and Shigella infections?

    <p>Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, and/or other antibiotics as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Salmonella subspecies is mentioned in the text?

    <p>S. Enteritidis (IIIa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the antigenic factors mentioned for Salmonella?

    <p>Somatic (O) and flagellar (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection is caused by Salmonella serotype typhi or S. paratyphi A, B, and C?

    <p>Typhoid fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sources of Salmonella infections mentioned in the text?

    <p>Contaminated food, water, and human or animal excreta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species causes bacillary dysentery?

    <p>S. dysenteriae (group A6)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors mentioned for Shigella infections?

    <p>Young children, young adults, crowded areas, and anal-oral sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Salmonella and Shigella infections?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Salmonella is correct?

    <p>Salmonella is a gram-negative, motile, facultative anaerobic bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Salmonella species usually found?

    <p>In warm-blooded animals like birds and rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of climate is associated with the highest prevalence of Salmonella infections?

    <p>Tropical climates during the rainy season</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many species of Salmonella are there?

    <p>Two: S. enterica and S. borgori</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subspecies of Salmonella is associated with 1504 serotypes and usually found in warm-blooded animals?

    <p>$S. enterica$ subsp. enterica (I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of animals are known to carry Salmonella?

    <p>Birds and rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of the colonies formed by Salmonella on appropriate media?

    <p>Non-lactose fermenting colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Three infections discussed: food poisoning, gastroenteritis, and typhoid fever
    • Salmonella (S.) infections:
      • Three subspecies mentioned: Enteritidis (IIIa), Diarizonae (IIIb), and Houtenae (IV)
      • Total of 2541 S. Enterica bacteria
    • Important Salmonella virulence and antigenic factors:
      • Antigenic factors: somatic (O) and flagellar (H)
      • Vi capsular antigen: labile, protects Salmonella from phagocytosis
    • Infections caused by Salmonella:
      • Salmonella gastroenteritis: caused by S. enterica subsp. Enteritidis, incubation period 8-36 hours, symptoms include fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea
      • Typhoid fever: caused by Salmonella serotype typhi or S. paratyphi A, B, and C, incubation period 9-14 days, symptoms include fever, headache, constipation, and rash
    • Sources of Salmonella infections: contaminated food, water, and human or animal excreta
    • Shigella infections:
      • Bacillary dysentery: causes bloody diarrhea, mucus, and pus in the stool
      • Four species: S. sonnei (group D1), S. flexneri (group B15), S. dysenteriae (group A6), and S. boydii (group C20)
      • Shigella species have O antigens and some have K antigens, which are heat-labile and removed by boiling
    • Shigella infections risk factors: young children, young adults, crowded areas, and anal-oral sex
    • Shigella infections symptoms: high fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenesmus
    • Treatment for Salmonella and Shigella infections: antibiotics to reduce duration of illness
    • Complications of Salmonella and Shigella infections: ileus, obstruction, toxic megacolon, bacteremia, seizures, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and meningitis
    • Diagnosis methods: stool culture and serotyping using agglutination agar test for Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli.

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