Comparison of Axial and Appendicular Skeletons
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Questions and Answers

What are the main components of the axial skeleton?

  • Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals
  • Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage (correct)
  • Tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals
  • Clavicle, scapula, femur, patella

    • The appendicular skeleton is mainly involved in the protection of internal organs.

    False

    Name one function of the axial skeleton.

    Protection

    The __________ connects the upper limbs to the torso in the appendicular skeleton.

    <p>pectoral girdle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the bones with their corresponding groups in the skeleton:

    <p>Humerus = Upper Limbs Sternum = Thoracic Cage Pelvis = Pelvic Girdle cervical vertebrae = Vertebral Column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lower limbs include bones such as the femur, tibia, and phalanges.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the vertebral column?

    <p>Support and protection of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sella turcica?

    <p>Houses the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maxillae form the posterior part of the hard palate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone contains the lacrimal fossa for the lacrimal sac?

    <p>Lacrimal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The joint between the frontal bone and the parietal bones is called the ______ suture.

    <p>coronal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following facial bones with their locations:

    <p>Maxillae = Upper jaw and part of the orbits Mandible = Lower jaw Zygomatic Bones = Cheekbones Nasal Bones = Bridge of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is not part of the facial skeleton?

    <p>Frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ethmoid bone is located posterior to the nasal cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature is part of the nasal septum?

    <p>Perpendicular plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the pelvic bones is true?

    <p>The female pelvis is adapted for childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coccyx is also known as the sternum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest bone in the human body?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is the bone that connects the arm to the body.

    <p>clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones with their corresponding categories:

    <p>Humerus = Upper limb Radius = Forearm Tibia = Lower leg Scapula = Pectoral girdle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these bones is NOT part of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human body has a total of 206 bones.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three fused bones that make up the hip bone?

    <p>Ilium, ischium, pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is responsible for increasing the surface area of the nasal cavity for air filtration and humidification?

    <p>Inferior Nasal Conchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyoid bone articulates directly with other bones in the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vomer bone?

    <p>To divide the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ cavity is responsible for warming, humidifying, and filtering air.

    <p>nasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones are part of the pectoral girdle?

    <p>Clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity is formed by seven bones including the frontal and maxilla?

    <p>Orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pelvic feature in females contributes to a wider stance during walking?

    <p>Wider acetabula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pelvis is formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Found at the ends of long bones and joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cavities or structures with their functions:

    <p>Orbit = Houses the eyeball and connective structures for vision Nasal Cavity = Warms, humidifies, and filters air Paranasal Sinuses = Lighten the skull and improve voice resonance Hyoid Bone = Supports the tongue and aids in swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male pelvis has a wider pubic arch compared to the female pelvis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The paranasal sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape does the female sacrum have compared to the male sacrum?

    <p>Shorter, wider, and more curved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bones of the lower limb include the femur, tibia, and _____

    <p>fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many individual vertebrae make up the vertebral column?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each cranial bone with its location:

    <p>Frontal Bone = Forms the forehead and orbits Parietal Bones = Superior and lateral aspects of the skull Occipital Bone = Posterior base of the skull Temporal Bones = Sides and base of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ pelvis is lighter and less robust, reflecting adaptation for childbirth.

    <p>female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of ischial tuberosities in the female pelvis?

    <p>Laterally pointed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cartilage type provides strength and is found in intervertebral discs?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pelvic features with their descriptions:

    <p>Acetabula = Closer together in males Pubic Arch = Wider angle in females Sacrum = Shorter and wider in females Coccyx = More posteriorly positioned in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temporal bones protect the occipital lobes of the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cranial bones are present in the human skull?

    <p>Eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both male and female pelves have the same basic bone structure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation allows the female coccyx to be more movable?

    <p>Its posterior positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Comparison of Axial and Appendicular Skeletons

    • The human skeleton is divided into axial and appendicular skeletons
    • Axial skeleton forms the body's longitudinal axis
    • Appendicular skeleton is the bones of the upper and lower limbs, and the pectoral and pelvic girdles

    Axial Skeleton

    • Definition: Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
    • Components:
      • Skull: Cranial and facial bones, protecting the brain
      • Vertebral Column: 24 individual vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx; encasing the spinal cord
      • Thoracic Cage: Sternum and 12 pairs of ribs; protecting thoracic organs (heart, lungs)
    • Functions:
      • Protection: Encasing vital organs (brain, spinal cord, thoracic organs)
      • Support: Structural backbone for body, enhancing stability
      • Attachment: Establishing points of attachment for muscles and ligaments

    Appendicular Skeleton

    • Definition: Bones of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral, and pelvic girdles
    • Components:
      • Pectoral Girdle: Clavicle and scapula, connecting upper limbs to torso
      • Upper Limbs: Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
      • Pelvic Girdle: Hip bones (fused ilium, ischium, and pubis), supporting lower limbs

    Summary of Major Bones of the Skeleton

    • Skull: Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid (cranial), mandible, maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, palatine, vomer, and inferior nasal conchae (facial)
    • Vertebral Column: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx
    • Thoracic Cage: Ribs and sternum
    • Pectoral Girdle: Clavicle and scapula
    • Upper Limb: Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
    • Pelvic Girdle: Ilium, ischium, and pubis
    • Lower Limb: Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

    Summary of Cartilaginous Components

    • Cartilage Types:
      • Hyaline Cartilage: Found at ends of long bones, in ribs, and epiphyseal plates.
      • Fibrocartilage: Found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.

    Cranial Bones

    • Frontal Bone: Forms forehead, superior parts of orbits (eye sockets)
    • Parietal Bones: Superior and lateral aspects of skull; articulates with frontal, occipital, and temporal bones
    • Occipital Bone: Forms posterior base of skull, contains foramen magnum (spinal cord exit).
    • Temporal Bones: Located on sides and base of skull; houses structures for hearing
    • Sphenoid Bone: Centrally located at skull base, resembling a butterfly; includes sella turcica (pituitary gland).
    • Ethmoid Bone: Located between eyes; part of nasal cavity; has cribriform plate, perpendicular plate

    Main Sutures

    • Coronal: Frontal and parietal bones
    • Sagittal: Two parietal bones
    • Lambdoid: Occipital and parietal bones
    • Squamous: Temporal and parietal bones

    Facial Bones

    • Maxillae (2): Upper jaw, part of orbits
    • Mandible: Lower jaw; articulates with temporal bone at TMJ (temporomandibular joint)
    • Zygomatic (2): Cheekbones; contributes to lateral wall and floor of orbit
    • Nasal (2): Bridge of nose; supports nose structure
    • Lacrimal (2): Medial wall of orbit and tears
    • Palatine (2): Posterior part of hard palate
    • Inferior Nasal Conchae (2): Lateral walls of nasal cavity; increases surface area for air filtration and humidification

    Cavities of the Skull/Sinuses

    • Orbits – surround eyeballs
    • Nasal Cavity – air filled space above roof of mouth; features the nasal septum - Paranasal Sinuses – Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal; lighten skull, improve resonance

    Pelvis

    • General Differences:
      • Female: Wider, shallower, adapted for childbirth (wider pelvic inlet)
      • Male: Narrower, deeper, more compact structure (narrower pelvic inlet)
    • Pelvic Inlet (Female): Wider to facilitate childbirth
    • Pelvic Outlet (Female): Wider by distance between ischial tuberosities
    • Pubic Arch (Female): Wider (90-100 degrees) compared to male (60-70 degrees).
    • Sacrum
      • Female: Shorter, wider, more curved to accommodate pelvic dimensions
      • Male: Longer, narrower, and straighter

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    Chapter 7: Comparison of the Axial and Appendicular Skeletons PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the differences between the axial and appendicular skeletons of the human body. It covers definitions, components, and functions of each skeleton type, emphasizing their roles in protection and support. Test your knowledge on the structure and significance of the human skeleton.

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