Comparison of Axial and Appendicular Skeletons

Forms the central, longitudinal axis of the body.

Skull, Vertebral Column, and Thoracic Cage.

Bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles.

Pectoral Girdle, Upper Limbs, Pelvic Girdle, and Lower Limbs.

Protects the brain and forms the face.

Houses the spinal cord and supports the body.

Protects vital organs like the heart and lungs.

Movement and support of the limbs.

The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula, supporting the upper limb.

The upper limb involves the humerus, radius, and ulna.

The pelvic girdle is made up of ilium, ischium, and pubis fused together to form hip bones.

The lower limb comprises femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

Part of the skull forming the forehead and top of the eye sockets (orbits).

The two bones forming the upper and sides of the skull.

The bone forming the skull's back and base, including the foramen magnum.

The bones on the sides and base of the skull, essential for hearing.

A complex bone located at the base of the skull, contributing to the cranial floor and housing the pituitary gland.

A saddle-shaped depression on the sphenoid bone, which houses the pituitary gland.

A delicate bone found between the eyes, forming part of the nasal cavity and supporting the olfactory system.

A perforated part of the ethmoid bone, allowing olfactory nerve fibers to pass from the nasal cavity to the brain.

The two bones forming the upper jaw and contributing to the orbits.

The lower jawbone, responsible for chewing and speech.

The cheekbones, contributing to the lateral wall and floor of the orbit.

The two small bones forming the bridge of the nose.

The opening at the bottom of the female pelvis is wider than the male pelvic outlet due to the greater distance between the ischial tuberosities.

The opening at the bottom of the male pelvis is narrower than the female pelvic outlet. This limits the passage of a baby during childbirth.

The cup-shaped sockets of the hip bone are relatively far apart and oriented more anteriorly in women, contributing to a wider stance during walking.

The cup-shaped sockets of the hip bone are closer together and oriented laterally in men, reflecting a more upright posture and gait.

The angle formed by the pubic bones in women is wider, typically between 90 and 100 degrees, allowing for a wider pelvic outlet.

The angle formed by the pubic bones in men is narrower, generally between 60 and 70 degrees, contributing to a narrower pelvic outlet.

The sacrum in women is shorter, wider, and more curved, accommodating the dimensions of the pelvic inlet and outlet.

The sacrum in men is longer, narrower, and more straight, contributing to a more vertical pelvis.

Scroll-like bones located on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, increasing surface area for air filtration and humidification.

A plow-shaped bone forming the inferior part of the nasal septum, dividing the nasal cavity.

A U-shaped bone situated just below the mandible (jawbone) and above the larynx (voice box) in the superior neck.

The hyoid bone has a body, greater cornua, and lesser cornua and does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body.

Supports the tongue, helps with swallowing and speech, and is used in forensic science.

The bony cavity surrounding the eyeball, also known as the eye socket.

The air-filled space above the roof of the mouth that warms, humidifies, filters air, and supports the sense of smell.

Hollow cavities in the facial bones that lighten the skull, enhance voice resonance, and contribute to mucous drainage.

The coccyx, or tailbone, provides attachment for muscles and ligaments that support the pelvic floor, which is important for bladder and bowel control.

True ribs connect directly to the sternum, false ribs connect indirectly to the sternum via cartilage, and floating ribs have no connection to the sternum.

The clavicle, or collarbone, serves as a strut, connecting the arm to the axial skeleton, aiding upper limb movement.

The radius, located on the thumb side, is the lateral bone of the forearm.

The pelvic girdle is formed by two hip bones, or coxal bones, each made up of three fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis.

The femur is the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body, located in the upper leg.

The female pelvis is wider and shallower, providing a larger pelvic inlet for childbirth compared to the male pelvis.

The male pelvis is narrower and deeper, reflecting a more compact structure that is less adapted for childbirth.