Questions and Answers
What is the periosteum?
Dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
What is the medullary cavity?
The central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow is stored.
What is the endosteum?
Thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.
What is the nutrient artery?
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What is compact bone?
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What is an osteon?
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What are canaliculi?
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What is the central canal?
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What are lacunae?
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What is interstitial lamella?
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What is concentric lamella?
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What is circumferential lamella?
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What is the central canal?
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What is the Volkmann canal?
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What is spongy bone?
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What is yellow marrow?
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What is red marrow?
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What are trabeculae?
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What is marrow that is part of the spongy bone?
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What is an osteocyte?
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Study Notes
Periosteum
- Dense vascular connective tissue covering bones, excluding joint surfaces.
Medullary Cavity
- Central cavity in bone shafts for storing red or yellow bone marrow, also known as the marrow cavity.
Endosteum
- Thin vascular membrane lining the medullary cavity of long bones.
Nutrient Artery
- Arteries with accompanying veins, providing blood supply to bone marrow via branches in the medullary membrane and connecting canals.
Compact Bone
- Dense bone tissue with few spaces, forming the external bone structure and most of the diaphysis in long bones, located beneath the periosteum and above spongy bone.
Osteon (Haversian System)
- Fundamental functional unit of compact bone, consisting of cylindrical structures with concentric lamellae around a central canal.
Canaliculi
- Microscopic canals connecting lacunae in compact bone, allowing osteocyte processes to extend into these channels.
Central Canal (Haversian Canal)
- Circular channel at the center of an osteon, containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
Lacunae
- Oblong spaces between lamellae of compact bone containing osteocytes; interconnected by canaliculi, with one osteocyte per lacuna.
Interstitial Lamella
- Calcified extracellular matrix remnants from former osteons found within compact bone.
Concentric Lamella
- Calcified extracellular matrix surrounding an active osteon in compact bone.
Circumferential Lamella
- Calcified extracellular matrix encircling the entire bone structure.
Volkmann Canal (Perforating Canal)
- Horizontal channels allowing blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum to penetrate compact bone.
Spongy Bone
- Composed of trabeculae—irregularly-shaped plates creating a network; spaces between trabeculae house red or yellow bone marrow.
Yellow Marrow
- Contains stromal cells that primarily produce fat, cartilage, and bone.
Red Marrow
- Contains hemopoietic cells responsible for issuing red blood cells (RBCs).
Trabeculae
- Irregular latticework of thin bone tissue supporting the structure of spongy bone.
Osteocyte
- Mature bone cell, essential for maintaining daily functions and health of bone tissue.
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Description
Test your knowledge on compact bone anatomy with these flashcards. Learn about essential structures like the periosteum, medullary cavity, and endosteum. Perfect for students studying bone biology or anatomy.