Anatomy 201 Chapter 6: Bone Questions

Questions and Answers

What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye?

Compact bone appears homogeneous; spongy bone has obvious spaces.

What is the function of the periosteum?

The periosteum protects the bone and is the structure from which blood vessels and nerves enter bone. It provides an attachment site for tendons and ligaments and supplies osteoblasts for new bone.

How does the appearance of the chondrocytes in the transformation zone differ from those in the growth zone?

In the growth zone, chondrocytes are smaller due to mitosis, while in the transformation zone, the older chondrocytes become enlarged as the matrix becomes calcified.

Compare and contrast events occurring on the epiphyseal and diaphyseal faces of the epiphyseal plate.

On the epiphyseal face, cartilage cells are resting and relatively inactive, while below this, they are rapidly reproducing. On the diaphyseal face, chondrocytes are dying, the matrix is calcifying, and cartilage is being replaced by bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the organic matrix in bone?

The organic matrix provides flexibility and strength. Signup and view all the answers

Name the important organic bone components.

The most important organic bone components are cells, collagen fibers, and ground substance (proteoglycans and glycoproteins). Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the calcium salts in bone?

The function of calcium salts is to provide hardness and strength, and resist compression. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Differences Between Compact and Spongy Bone

Compact bone appears dense and homogeneous.
Spongy bone is characterized by visible spaces; less dense.

Function of the Periosteum

Protects bone structure.
Serves as entry point for blood vessels and nerves.
Provides attachment sites for tendons and ligaments.
Supplies osteoblasts necessary for new bone formation.

Chondrocytes in Growth vs. Transformation Zones

Chondrocytes in the growth zone are smaller due to mitotic activity.
In the transformation zone, older chondrocytes enlarge as the matrix undergoes calcification.

Epiphyseal vs. Diaphyseal Faces of the Epiphyseal Plate

Epiphyseal face features resting, relatively inactive cartilage cells.
Directly below the epiphyseal face, cartilage cells rapidly proliferate.
Diaphyseal face involves dying chondrocytes, matrix calcification, and replacement of cartilage with bone.

Function of the Organic Matrix in Bone

Provides flexibility and contributes to the overall strength of bone.

Important Organic Bone Components

Cells, primarily osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
Collagen fibers offer structural integrity.
Ground substance includes proteoglycans and glycoproteins essential for bone health.

Role of Calcium Salts in Bone

Calcium salts contribute significantly to the hardness of bone.
Provide structural strength and resistance to compressive forces.

Description

Test your knowledge on the key differences between compact and spongy bone in Anatomy 201 Chapter 6. This quiz covers essential functions of the periosteum and invites you to explore fundamental concepts of bone structure.