Communication Process and Components

Function, Nature, and Process of Communication

• Communication is the process of transmitting information and fostering mutual understanding between individuals.
• Rooted in Latin terms "communis" (common) and "communicare" (to make common).
• Key components of communication include Sender, Receiver, Message, Channel, Feedback, and Barriers/Noise.

Components of Communication

• Sender: The individual who encodes the message.
• Receiver: The individual responsible for decoding the message.
• Message: Central element of communication; the core information being transmitted.
• Channel: The medium used to convey the message (oral or written).
• Feedback: The response that completes the communication loop.
• Barrier/Noise: Interfering elements that hinder effective communication; categorized as internal (personal attitudes) and external (environmental distractions).
• Communicative Situation/Context: Setting or environment in which communication occurs.
• Encoding: The process of converting information from one communication system to another.
• Decoding: The interpretation or recognition of the received message.

Nature of Communication

• Characterized as a process that is two-way, expressive through words and actions, systematic, interactive, and transactional.
• Effective communication requires ongoing feedback and clarification.

Types of Communication

• Verbal Communication:

  • Comprises spoken and written forms.
  • Divided into formal and informal categories.
  • Represents 35% of communication effectiveness.

• Nonverbal Communication:

  • Accounts for approximately 65% of communication and includes:
    • Chronemics: The role of time in communication (punctuality, patience).
    • Haptics: Communication through touch, conveying emotions.
    • Kinesics: Physical movements and gestures.
    • Paralanguage: Vocal qualities (tone, pitch) accompanying verbal messages.
    • Proxemics: The use of personal space in communication.
    • Artifacts: Objects and personal items that convey information or identity.
    • Oculesics: Communication through eye contact.

Communication in the New Normal

• Changes in communication dynamics due to societal shifts have impacted emotional expression, emphasizing the importance of facial cues and upper facial expressions.