B. Autism
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B. Autism

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a Level 2 social impairment according to the content?

  • Ability to initiate social interactions smoothly.
  • Marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication. (correct)
  • Significant independence in social situations.
  • Frequent successful social overtures.

    • What behavior is evident in individuals at Level 1 when no supports are in place?

  • Frequent and successful engagement in social activities.
  • Highly effective social skills and adaptability.
  • Ability to change focus effortlessly.
  • Noticeable impairments in social communication. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of Level 2 individuals?

  • Normal nonverbal communication cues.
  • Limited initiation of social interactions. (correct)
  • Frequent interest in group activities.
  • Ability to create complex social dialogues.

    • What impedes functioning in individuals at Level 1?

    <p>Difficulty organizing and planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication may characterize a person at Level 2?

    <p>Simple sentences and odd nonverbal cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the inflexibility of behavior in Level 2 individuals?

    <p>Difficulty coping with change and restricted/repetitive behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the social interactions of individuals at Level 1?

    <p>Failed attempts and odd interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for individuals at Level 2 to have marked deficits in social communication?

    <p>Serious impairments, even with support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded to indicate the level of support needed for social communication deficits?

    <p>Level of support required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has autism spectrum disorder with accompanying language impairment, which statement is correct?

    <p>Current level of verbal functioning should be documented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When documenting autism spectrum disorder associated with a known condition, what must be included?

    <p>Name of the associated condition or factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for using severity specifiers?

    <p>To assess eligibility for services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of separately rating the severity of social communication difficulties and restricted, repetitive behaviors?

    <p>To acknowledge potential psychosocial challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition should be recorded if catatonia is present in a patient with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Catatonia associated with autism spectrum disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would both autism spectrum disorder and another disorder be diagnosed?

    <p>When neurodevelopmental criteria are met</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about severity categories is correct?

    <p>They may vary depending on environmental context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential feature of autism spectrum disorder relating to social interaction?

    <p>Impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is considered a separate diagnosis alongside autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom may be exacerbated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder who experience catatonia?

    <p>Increased stereotypy and self-injurious behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion relates to restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior in autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Criterion B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the severity of autism spectrum disorder affect symptom manifestation?

    <p>Symptom manifestation varies by severity and developmental level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature that may mask difficulties in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Current supports and interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individuals without cognitive or language impairments, how might the deficits manifest?

    <p>Subtle manifestations of deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can affect the exhibit of deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Individual strengths and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an early feature of autism spectrum disorder related to social interaction?

    <p>Impaired joint attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of deficits in nonverbal communication?

    <p>Atypical use of body orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might individuals with autism spectrum disorder appear during conversations?

    <p>Odd, wooden, or exaggerated body language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may signify atypical social interest in individuals on the autism spectrum?

    <p>Rejection of others and passive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common issue do older individuals with autism spectrum disorder face in understanding social norms?

    <p>Difficulty recognizing humor and irony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the expression of gestures in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>They may learn a few functional gestures but use them sparingly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of the social interaction deficits in autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Feelings of exhaustion due to mental effort required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly observed in young children with autism spectrum disorder with regard to play?

    <p>Insistence on fixed rules during play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of friendships among individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Friendships may often be one-sided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is considered a stereotyped or repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Hand flapping or finger flicking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might individuals with autism spectrum disorder typically respond to changes in routines?

    <p>They may show distress at seemingly minor alterations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does excessive adherence to routines indicate in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Rigidity of thinking and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of fixated interests that may be observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>A toddler obsessed with a piece of string.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensory input might individuals with autism spectrum disorder react to intensely?

    <p>Extremely loud sounds or bright lights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of autism spectrum disorder related to food?

    <p>Extreme reaction to food texture or appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How may individuals with autism spectrum disorder manage their repetitive behaviors in public settings?

    <p>They may suppress them to fit in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a good prognostic sign for individuals with autism spectrum disorder by age 5?

    <p>Functional language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has been shown to correlate with higher levels of intellectual disability in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Language impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of autism spectrum disorder cases appear to be associated with a known genetic mutation?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the risk of developing autism spectrum disorder among children?

    <p>Exposure to certain teratogens in utero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of heritability estimates for autism spectrum disorder based on twin studies?

    <p>37% to over 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural norms affect individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>They create additional challenges in social interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential characteristic of autism spectrum disorder related to social functioning?

    <p>Social impairments are often masked in later life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the presence of multiple genetic loci in autism risk?

    <p>It reveals a polygenic nature of the disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Anxiety Disorder

    • Symptoms overlap with social (pragmatic) communication disorder
    • Onset timing differentiates the two
    • Social (pragmatic) communication disorder: individual never had effective social communication
    • Social anxiety disorder: social communication skills developed appropriately but not used due to anxiety, fear, or distress

    Intellectual Developmental Disorder (Intellectual Disability) and Global Developmental Delay

    • Social communication skills may be deficient
    • Separate diagnosis not given unless deficits are significantly more than intellectual limitations

    Unspecified Communication Disorder (F80.9)

    • Applies to presentations of communication disorder that cause significant distress or impairment
    • Symptoms do not meet full criteria for communication disorder or any neurodevelopmental disorder
    • Used when clinician doesn't specify why criteria aren't met for a specific disorder
    • Includes presentations with insufficient information for a more specific diagnosis

    Autism Spectrum Disorder (F84.0)

    • Diagnostic Criteria (A): Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction
      • Examples include: abnormal social approach, failure of normal back-and-forth conversation, reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect, failure to initiate or respond to social interactions, deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors, deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
    • Diagnostic Criteria (B): Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
      • Examples include: stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, lining up toys or flipping objects, insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, highly restricted, fixated interests.
    • Symptoms are present in early developmental period
    • Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas

    Severity Levels (Table 2)

    • Levels 1, 2, and 3, describe support needs based on social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
    • Different levels, requiring various levels of support

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    Description

    This quiz explores various communication disorders, including Social Anxiety Disorder and its differentiation from Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder. It also discusses Intellectual Developmental Disorder and Unspecified Communication Disorder, providing insights into diagnosis and symptoms. Test your understanding of these complex conditions.

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