Communication: Definition, Process and Models
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A company implements a new policy requiring all employees to attend a weekly training session. Which function of communication is primarily being utilized here?

  • To effect social interaction
  • To facilitate emotional expression
  • To provide information
  • To control or regulate behavior (correct)

What is the primary function of communication when a teacher announces exam dates and syllabus coverage to a class?

  • To motivate students
  • To provide information (correct)
  • To control student behavior
  • To facilitate emotional expression

A therapist encourages a client to verbalize their feelings about a traumatic event. Which function of communication is the therapist primarily employing?

  • To control or regulate
  • To facilitate emotional expression (correct)
  • To effect social interaction
  • To provide information

A team leader consistently praises team members for their achievements and offers constructive feedback. This primarily serves which function of communication?

<p>To motivate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a school establishes a strict dress code policy to ensure uniformity and discipline, which function of communication is being primarily applied?

<p>To control or regulate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a negotiation, parties express their needs and wants to reach a mutually beneficial agreement. Which function of communication is predominantly at play?

<p>To control or regulate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of friends shares personal stories and experiences during a casual get-together. What is the main function of communication in this scenario?

<p>To effect social interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to provide sufficient data and information when communicating?

<p>For effective communication which leads to completion of tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the 'sharing of meaning' aspect of communication, as defined by Grice and Skinner?

<p>A student reading a poem aloud, successfully conveying its emotional depth to the audience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Adler and Towne's perspective on communication, what is the initial catalyst that begins the communication process between individuals?

<p>The desire of individuals to communicate, originating from mental images. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Shannon-Weaver model, what term refers to factors that impede the transmission of a message?

<p>Noise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which communication model emphasizes the ongoing exchange of information and mutual understanding through feedback?

<p>Interactive or Interactional Model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do a person's experiences, culture, and heredity impact their communication according to the Interactive Model?

<p>They influence the construction of messages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which communication model is described as the most dynamic?

<p>Transactional Model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical condition that must be met for communication to be considered successful?

<p>The message must be understood by the receiver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of social interaction in communication?

<p>It is essential for sharing experiences through messages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communication, what distinguishes the 'channel' from other elements of the communication process?

<p>It refers to the medium through which the message is transmitted, influencing its reception. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a 'psychological barrier' to communication?

<p>An individual struggling to articulate their thoughts due to extreme shyness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does emphasizing 'correctness' in communication contribute to the overall effectiveness of a message?

<p>It enhances the credibility of the sender and reduces potential misunderstandings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is launching a new product in a country with significantly different customs and traditions. What communication barrier is most likely to be encountered?

<p>Cultural barriers arising from conflicting values and beliefs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a team meeting, the leader encourages all members to share their thoughts and ideas, ensuring everyone understands the objectives. Which '7 C's of Communication' principle is being primarily emphasized here?

<p>Consideration, by respecting the audience's perspectives and needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes 'linear communication' from other communication models?

<p>It is a one-way process where the sender does not expect or require a response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A public speaker supports their arguments with statistical data, expert opinions, and real-world examples. Which of the '7Cs of Communication' is the speaker primarily applying?

<p>Concreteness, by using specific and tangible evidence to support claims. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a negotiation, both parties actively listen, ask clarifying questions, and adapt their arguments based on the other's feedback to reach a mutually beneficial agreement. Which aspect of communication is most emphasized in this scenario?

<p>Communication as a collaborative activity co-created by both negotiators. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Communication Definition

Sharing meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues.

Dynamic Process of Communication

An ongoing process where people share their internal states through symbols.

Interdependent Process

Sending, receiving, and understanding messages relies on active participation.

Understanding in Communication

Communication occurs only when a message is understood by the receiver.

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Interactive Model of Communication

Views communication as an ongoing process with feedback mechanisms.

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Field of Experience

Refers to how various factors influence message construction by the sender.

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Five Elements of Communication

Includes speaker, message, receiver, feedback, and context.

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Transactional Model

Most dynamic communication model, emphasizing constant feedback and interaction.

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Purpose of Communication

The functions language serves in conveying information, motivation, control, emotional expression, and social interaction.

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Provide Information

To give data that aids effective communication, completing tasks, and solving problems.

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Motivation in Communication

Using communication to influence behavior and drive individuals toward their goals.

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Control or Regulate

Utilizing communication to influence and manage the behaviors of others.

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Emotional Expression

Communicating feelings to reduce anxiety and overcome emotional barriers.

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Social Interaction

Facilitating relationships through sharing thoughts and feelings.

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Nonverbal Communication

Conveying messages without words, often through gestures or body language.

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Setting Goals

Using communication to establish objectives and track progress.

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Message

Information the sender wants to convey.

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Channel

Medium used to deliver the message (e.g., verbal, non-verbal).

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Feedback

Response of the receiver to the message.

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Linear Communication

One-way form of communication requiring no reply.

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Physical Barriers

Environmental conditions causing communication issues (e.g., noise).

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Psychological Barriers

Mental issues affecting communication (e.g., trauma).

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Cultural Barriers

Differences in beliefs and backgrounds affecting communication.

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Correctness

Avoiding grammatical errors to enhance message credibility.

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Study Notes

Communication: Definition and Process

  • Communication is the sharing of meaning through symbolic cues (like Grice and Skinner's ideas).
  • It's a dynamic process where people try to share internal thoughts and feelings through symbols (Samovar, McDaniel, and Porter).
  • Communication is an interdependent process of sending, receiving, and understanding messages (Dunn and Goodnight).
  • Effective communication requires understanding of the message.
  • Communication is a social interaction that happens through messages.
  • It involves sharing experiences.

Communication Models

  • Shannon-Weaver Model (1949): A model that starts with the source (sender) of the message, passes through a channel, which can be interrupted by noise (barriers), and ends with the receiver (decoder).
  • Interactive Model: Communicators have an ongoing exchange of messages, and feedback is crucial. Field of experience affects how a message is constructed.
  • Transactional Model: The most dynamic model. Communicators are active, co-creating the process, outcome, and effectiveness. Both senders and receivers share a field of experience.
  • Linear Model: A one-way communication model that doesn't require a reply.

Barriers to Communication

  • Physical Barriers: Environmental conditions (loud noise, construction).
  • Psychological Barriers: Mental barriers, social issues (trauma, shyness, depression).
  • Cultural Barriers: Differences in beliefs, values, and backgrounds.
  • Linguistic Barriers: Conflicts in language and word meanings (jargon, slang).
  • Physiological Barriers: Body conditions (deafness, illness).

Effective Communication Skills

  • Skill 1: Becoming an engaged listener: Concentrate, avoid interrupting, show interest, and provide feedback.
  • Skill 2: Paying attention to nonverbal cues: Be aware of both individual and cultural differences. Use nonverbal cues (like body language) consistently to support your message.
  • Skill 3: Keeping stress in check: Take time to think, speak clearly, and summarize your thoughts when stressed.

Factors Influencing Communication

  • Gender: Cultures have different understandings of masculine and feminine roles in communication.
  • Age: Communication styles can differ between generations.
  • Social Status: Social hierarchy can affect how messages are received.
  • Religion: Religious beliefs can influence communication styles.

Reasons for Communication

  • To provide information: Giving data to help complete tasks, solve problems, or address uncertainty.
  • To motivate: Inspiring and influencing behavior in the pursuit of goals.
  • To control or regulate: Using rules or policies to manage behavior.
  • To facilitate emotional expression: Communicating emotions to reduce stress and improve well-being.
  • To effect social interaction: Building relationships by sharing thoughts and feelings.

Communication Elements (7 Cs)

  • Completeness: Including all necessary information.
  • Conciseness: Getting to the point clearly and concisely.
  • Consideration: Considering the audience's background.
  • Concreteness: Using specific examples.
  • Courtesy: Using appropriate language and showing respect.
  • Clearness: Expressing ideas clearly.
  • Correctness: Using grammatically correct language.

Intercultural Communication

  • Communication between people of different cultures.
  • Sensitivity to diverse cultures is important.

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Description

Explore the definition, process, and models of communication. Effective communication requires understanding of the message. Examine Shannon-Weaver, Interactive, and Transactional models to understand the dynamics of communication.

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