Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which element is NOT a main parameter of vocal non-verbal behavior?
Which element is NOT a main parameter of vocal non-verbal behavior?
In the Global Act Theory, what does the term 'syncoding' refer to?
In the Global Act Theory, what does the term 'syncoding' refer to?
Which of the following is an example of vocal non-verbal behavior?
Which of the following is an example of vocal non-verbal behavior?
What does proxemic communication primarily deal with?
What does proxemic communication primarily deal with?
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Which of these does NOT fall under the category of non-verbal communication?
Which of these does NOT fall under the category of non-verbal communication?
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What is the main idea of Grice’s cooperative principle?
What is the main idea of Grice’s cooperative principle?
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Which maxim addresses the need to provide the right amount of information?
Which maxim addresses the need to provide the right amount of information?
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What should participants do to avoid ambiguity according to Grice’s maxims?
What should participants do to avoid ambiguity according to Grice’s maxims?
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According to Grice, what is essential for achieving communication goals?
According to Grice, what is essential for achieving communication goals?
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What shift does the content describe regarding the communication process?
What shift does the content describe regarding the communication process?
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What is the definition of communication?
What is the definition of communication?
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In the Shannon and Weaver model, what does the 'source' refer to?
In the Shannon and Weaver model, what does the 'source' refer to?
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What role does 'noise' play in the communication process?
What role does 'noise' play in the communication process?
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What aspect of communication is NOT accounted for in the Shannon and Weaver model?
What aspect of communication is NOT accounted for in the Shannon and Weaver model?
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What does the term 'feedback' imply in communication?
What does the term 'feedback' imply in communication?
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How does the Shannon and Weaver model define the 'channel'?
How does the Shannon and Weaver model define the 'channel'?
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What assumption does the Shannon and Weaver model make about the sender and receiver?
What assumption does the Shannon and Weaver model make about the sender and receiver?
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Which of the following best describes the dynamic nature of communication?
Which of the following best describes the dynamic nature of communication?
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Study Notes
Communication Overview
- Communication is more than just language; it goes beyond verbal language.
- Communication is a process where information is exchanged between individuals using common symbols, signs, or behaviours, and personal rapport.
- The term "communicare" has Latin origins, meaning "to share" or "to make common".
The Shannon-Weaver Model (1949)
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This model portrays communication as a linear, one-way process.
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Key elements include:
- Information source
- Transmitter (encoder)
- Channel
- Receiver (decoder)
- Destination
- Noise (interference)
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The source initiates the message, which the transmitter encodes into a signal.
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The channel delivers the signal to the receiver, where it is decoded into a message.
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The destination receives and interprets the message.
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Noise can disrupt the clarity or quality of the signal or message.
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There are different kinds of noise: physical, semantic, psychological, and cultural.
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The model lacks consideration of feedback.
Feedback in Communication
- A feedback loop is an important addition to the Shannon-Weaver model.
- feedback is crucial, enabling a two-way exchange of information.
Speech Acts Theory (Austin, 1962 & Searle, 1969)
- Speech acts theory is part of pragmatics, focused on how words carry out actions, not just information.
- A speech act is an action performed through the expression of words.
- Locutionary act: the act of saying something, the utterance with verbal, social, and rhetorical meanings.
- Illocutionary act: the intended effect or action the speaker wants to achieve by saying something (e.g., requesting, promising).
- Perlocutionary act: the actual effect on the audience, which might differ from the speaker's intended effect (e.g., persuading, scaring).
The Speaker's Meaning (Grice, 1989)
- Implicature refers to the implied meaning communicated by a speaker beyond the literal words.
- Context, circumstances, and inferred meanings are critical for true understanding.
The Cooperative Principle (Grice, 1975, 1989)
- Grice's principle emphasizes cooperative communication, aimed at mutual understanding.
- Participants are expected to communicate in a way that is easy for the other to comprehend.
- The principle has four conversational maxims:
- Maxim of quantity (providing enough, but not excessive information)
- Maxim of quality (being truthful and using evidence)
- Maxim of relevance (making contributions pertinent to the topic)
- Maxim of manner (being clear, concise, and avoiding ambiguity)
Communication at a Glance
- Communication has evolved from a linear process to a complex, meaning-making exchange rooted in intent and inference.
Different Languages (Codes)
- Communication encompasses verbal and non-verbal language.
- Non-verbal communication includes various forms like:
- Haptics (touch)
- Proxemics (personal space)
- Vocal non-verbal (paralinguistics)
- Facial expressions
- Gestures
- Posture
- Eye-gazing
The Global Act Theory (Anolli & Ciceri, 1990)
- Meaning arises from a combination of signs and integrated actions across different codes (syncoding).
- Communication involves both local (individual signs) and global (overall pattern) levels.
Vocal Nonverbal Behavior
- Vocal nonverbal behavior includes vocalizations that aren't words, but can convey meanings (sighs, sobs, uh...).
- These are described by parameters like frequency, intensity, rhythm.
Functions of Vocal Nonverbal Behavior
- Vocalizations can express and appeal to others, relaying information and influencing the receiver.
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Description
Explore the fundamental aspects of communication in this quiz, including definitions and the significance of the Shannon-Weaver Model. Understand how information is exchanged and the importance of various elements like noise and encoding. Test your knowledge on the intricacies of effective communication processes.
