Common Skin Conditions and Medication Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic feature of melanoma lesions?

  • They contain multiple colors and irregular shapes. (correct)
  • They have regular and smooth borders.
  • They are symmetric in appearance.
  • They are always smaller than 6 mm in diameter.

What do the EFG criteria help to identify in skin lesions?

  • Size and symmetry of lesions.
  • Irregular color patterns.
  • Normal skin variations.
  • Nodular melanomas. (correct)

Which characteristic is NOT part of the ABCDE criteria for identifying concerning skin lesions?

  • Diameter greater than 6 mm
  • Asymmetry
  • Firmness (correct)
  • Evolving over time

During which Tanner stage does the areola and nipple form a secondary mound over the breast?

<p>Stage 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common occurrence during normal breast development in adolescents?

<p>Temporary asymmetry between breasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin condition is typically characterized by a pearly or waxy bump?

<p>Basal cell carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average time it takes for full breast development from budding to maturity?

<p>3 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is often associated with squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Firm, red nodule or rough, scaly patch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial early warning sign of colorectal cancer that should prompt medical evaluation?

<p>Change in bowel habits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the primary source of information when collecting subjective data from infants?

<p>The caregiver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is recommended for engaging caregivers when discussing a child's symptoms?

<p>Open-ended questions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area is NOT evaluated when assessing developmental competence in children?

<p>Favorite food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is important for providing developmentally-appropriate care to children?

<p>Observing interactions and play (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when obtaining a sexual health history?

<p>Maintaining patient privacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which question is NOT recommended when taking a sexual health history?

<p>What are your sexual partners' names? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using developmentally-appropriate care for pediatric patients?

<p>Enhanced trust and cooperation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does downward drift during a pronator drift test indicate?

<p>Weakness in the arm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom to inquire about during genital lesion assessment?

<p>Pain or discomfort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During testicular self-examination, when is the best time to perform the examination?

<p>During a shower when the skin is relaxed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concerning finding when inspecting the glans penis?

<p>Discharge or irritation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique should be used to detect abnormalities during testicular self-examination?

<p>Gently rolling each testicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding during the inspection of the scrotum may necessitate further evaluation?

<p>Abnormal growths or lumps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be documented if any abnormalities are found during a physical examination of the scrotum?

<p>Concerning findings for further evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the foreskin be handled during a genital examination if it's present?

<p>Retract it to inspect for discharge or lesions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a plantar grasp reflex indicate when testing a newborn?

<p>Normal neurological development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest possible total score on the APGAR assessment?

<p>10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which APGAR component assesses the newborn's skin color?

<p>Appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An APGAR score of 6 indicates which of the following?

<p>Some concern, may require monitoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach should be taken when assessing an adolescent patient?

<p>Involve them in the assessment process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signifies an abnormal finding during the stepping reflex test in a newborn?

<p>Stepping motions not observed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting a comprehensive assessment of an adolescent, which factor is NOT essential to consider?

<p>Specialized medical knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if a newborn shows asymmetric or absent primitive reflexes?

<p>Need for further evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of assessing urinary symptoms in older women?

<p>To evaluate the impact on daily activities and quality of life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common factors may contribute to urinary incontinence in older women?

<p>Pelvic floor weakness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended age for the initial doses of the HPV vaccine to ensure full protection?

<p>Before age 15 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Tanner staging?

<p>Tracking boys' height growth during puberty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to create a supportive environment for discussing urinary symptoms in older women?

<p>To ensure open and honest communication about sensitive issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the HPV vaccine impact cancer rates in underserved populations?

<p>It significantly reduces cervical cancer rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should health professionals remember when discussing Tanner staging with adolescents?

<p>Individual variation in timing and rate of development is normal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does nocturia indicate in older women's urinary symptoms?

<p>A possible underlying urological issue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the initial patient assessment?

<p>To establish the foundation for the nursing plan of care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the information gathered during the initial patient assessment?

<p>Patient's shoes size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When documenting assessment findings, what should you avoid including?

<p>Personal opinions or judgments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of communication is critical throughout the initial patient assessment?

<p>Therapeutic communication to build rapport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the SBAR communication model, what does 'S' stand for?

<p>Situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended technique when conducting a patient assessment?

<p>Documenting using approved terminology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the assessment of vital signs?

<p>Specific numerical values and any abnormalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the assessment, how should a nurse best describe the level of distress observed in a patient?

<p>With objective descriptions and specific cues noted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Skin lesion morphology

The shape and appearance of a skin lesion, like ring-shaped or snake-like, used for diagnosis.

ABCDE of skin cancer

A method to assess skin lesions for possible cancer. A-Asymmetry, B-Border irregularity, C-Color variation, D-Diameter, E-Evolution.

Basal cell carcinoma

A common type of skin cancer, often appearing as a pearly, waxy bump, or a flat lesion.

Squamous cell carcinoma

A type of skin cancer appearing as a firm, red nodule or a rough, scaly patch

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Melanoma lesion

A malignant skin cancer characterized by irregular shape, multiple colors, uneven borders. Often uneven in color, and potentially dangerous.

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Tanner stages

Stages of sexual maturation, including breast development in adolescents.

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Preadolescent breast

A small elevated nipple.

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Mature breast

Only the nipple protrudes; the areola is flush with the breast contour.

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Pronator Drift Test

A test to assess for upper extremity weakness by observing if the palms drift downward when arms are outstretched.

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Reflex Grading

Assessing reflexes (e.g., biceps, triceps) by tapping tendons and grading the response on a scale of 0-5.

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Male Genital Lesions Assessment

Thorough history taking (onset, symptoms, risk factors) and physical examination (location, size, appearance) of male genital lesions.

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Testicular Self-Examination (TSE)

A monthly self-check for testicular abnormalities (like lumps, swelling) done after a warm bath or shower.

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Scrotum Inspection & Palpation

Visual and tactile examination of the scrotum for swelling, redness, lesions, and abnormalities in the testicles, and spermatic cord.

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Penile Cancer Signs

Painless growths or ulcerative lesions on the glans, foreskin, or shaft, indurated nodules, bleeding, or signs of infection may indicate penile cancer .

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Abnormal Testicular Findings

Lumps, swelling, changes in size or shape, should be reported immediately to a doctor.

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Suspect Lesions Biopsy

Important to diagnose and treat suspect lesions properly.

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Early warning signs of colorectal cancer

Symptoms that may indicate the presence of colorectal cancer, such as blood in the stool, anemia, and changes in bowel habits.

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Importance of early detection for colorectal cancer

Promptly seeking medical evaluation when experiencing early warning signs of colorectal cancer can significantly reduce the risk of death from this disease.

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Collecting subjective data from infants

When infants cannot verbalize their symptoms, caregivers become the primary source of information, reporting details like crying patterns, feeding issues, or behavior changes.

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Collecting subjective data from toddlers

For toddlers with limited verbal skills, caregivers interpret nonverbal cues and describe symptoms. Open-ended questions allow caregivers to fully explain their observations.

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Assessing developmental competence in children

Evaluating a child's physical growth, motor skills, cognitive abilities, psychosocial and emotional maturity, and moral reasoning.

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Age-appropriate interview techniques for children

Using language and approaches that are suitable for a child's developmental stage to make them feel comfortable during the interview.

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Importance of non-judgmental approach in sexual health history

Using open-ended and non-judgmental questions during a sexual health history is essential to encourage honest disclosure from the patient.

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Key questions to ask during sexual health history

Asking a patient about current sexual activity, number of partners, use of barrier protection, previous STI diagnoses, and any sexual health concerns.

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Nocturia

Waking up during the night to urinate.

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Urgency

A sudden, strong urge to urinate.

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Incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine.

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Pelvic Floor Weakness

Weakening of the muscles that support the bladder and rectum.

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HPV Vaccine

A vaccine that protects against human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause cervical cancer and other cancers.

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Cervical Cancer Screening

Regular tests to detect early signs of cervical cancer.

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Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Physical changes that occur during puberty, such as breast development in girls and pubic hair growth in both sexes.

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Plantar Grasp Reflex

A reflex in newborns where the toes flex inward when a finger is run along the outer edge of the foot.

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Stepping Reflex

A reflex in newborns where they make stepping motions when held upright with their feet touching a flat surface.

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Absent or Asymmetric Primitive Reflexes

These reflexes may indicate a neurological issue requiring further evaluation in newborns.

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APGAR Score

A rapid assessment performed on newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to evaluate their physiological condition. It assesses Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.

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Assessing Adolescents

Tailoring the approach to their unique developmental stage, building rapport, explaining procedures thoroughly, and involving them in the process.

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Comprehensive Review of Systems

In assessing adolescents, it's necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of systems as they may not volunteer all relevant information.

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Physical and Psychosocial Development

Assessing aspects of adolescent development, including puberty changes, body image, and identity formation.

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Engage the Adolescent

Involving the adolescent in the assessment process promotes engagement.

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Initial Patient Assessment

The foundation of a patient's nursing plan. It involves gathering information about a patient's general appearance, chief complaint, vital signs, allergies, medications, medical history, and social background.

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SBAR

A structured communication tool used in healthcare to ensure clear and concise communication between healthcare providers. It includes Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation.

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Why is Documentation Important?

Accurate and thorough documentation of assessment findings ensures clear communication of patient information to the healthcare team, facilitates continuity of care, and supports clinical decision-making.

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What to Include in Documentation

Documentation should include objective observations (vital signs, physical exam findings), subjective reports (patient's descriptions of symptoms), allergies, medications, medical history, functional status, and relevant factors impacting care.

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What to Avoid in Documentation

Avoid personal opinions, judgments, and irrelevant information. Use approved medical terminology to ensure clarity and consistency.

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Therapeutic Communication

A crucial aspect of the initial assessment. It involves building rapport, making the patient feel comfortable, and actively listening to their concerns.

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Objective vs. Subjective Data

Objective data involves measurable observations (vital signs, physical exam findings), while subjective data relies on the patient's own descriptions of their symptoms.

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Thorough Assessment of Body Systems

A comprehensive assessment, often using a head-to-toe format, looking for any areas of concern or abnormal findings in each body system.

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Study Notes

Common Skin Conditions

  • Benign skin lesions include acne, psoriasis, and seborrheic keratoses.
  • Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition causing red, scaly plaques, often on knees, elbows, and scalp.
  • Inflammatory conditions like eczema and dermatitis present as itchy, red, irritated skin.
  • Skin infections can be bacterial (e.g., impetigo, cellulitis), viral (e.g., warts, herpes), or fungal (e.g., ringworm).
  • Age-related changes include wrinkles, age spots, thinning skin, and senile purpura (bruising).
  • Accurate assessment of skin lesions, considering appearance, distribution, and morphology, is vital for nurses to identify and document skin pathologies.

Medication Side Effects (Skin)

  • Skin rashes and eruptions can result from antibiotics (e.g., sulfonamides, penicillins) and anticonvulsants.
  • Severe reactions like toxic epidermal necrolysis can occur.
  • Photosensitivity reactions can be triggered by exposure to UV light, occurring with some antibiotics, NSAIDs, and diuretics.
  • Medications like corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, and some psychiatric medications can cause acne and oily skin.
  • Dry skin and pruritus (itching) can be linked to diuretics, cholesterol medications, and retinoids.
  • Skin discoloration, potentially darkening, can arise from antimalarials, phenytoin, or amiodarone.
  • Some drugs, particularly antibiotics, can cause allergic skin reactions and increase sensitivity to sunlight. These include sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, oral hypoglycemics, tetracycline, antimalarials, anticancer agents, hormones, metals, and tetracycline.

Primary and Secondary Skin Lesions

  • Primary lesions:

    • Macule: Flat, discolored area (e.g., mole)
    • Papule: Elevated, solid area (e.g., wart, mole)
    • Bulla: Fluid-filled blister larger than 1cm
    • Pustule: Vesicle filled with pus (e.g., acne)
    • Plaque: Raised, flat-topped solid lesion larger than 1 cm.
    • Nodule: solid, raised lesion greater than 0.5 cm.
    • Patch: Flat, non-raised discolored area over 1cm.

  • Secondary lesions:

    • Scales, crusts, fissure, ulcer, scar, atrophy

Signs of Skin Cancer (ABCDE)

  • Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn't match the other.
  • Border: Irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred edges.
  • Color: Uneven coloring, including shades of brown, black, or other colors (red, white, blue).
  • Diameter: Larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser).
  • Evolving: Changing in size, shape, color, or symptoms (itching or bleeding).

Normal Findings in Adolescent Breast Exam

  • Preadolescent: Small elevated nipple.
  • Breast bud stage: Small mound of breast and nipple; areola widens.
  • Enlarged breasts and areola; nipple flush with the breast surface.
  • Secondary breast mound forms over the mature breast; only the nipple protrudes.

Documenting Breast Lump Findings

  • Location (quadrant and distance from nipple)
  • Size (length, width, depth)
  • Characteristics (shape, borders, consistency, mobility, tenderness).
  • Skin changes (dimpling, retraction, etc.)
  • Nipple discharge
  • Lymph nodes

Skeletal Muscle ROM Assessment

  • Active ROM: Patient moves the joint through its range independently.
  • Passive ROM: Clinician moves the joint to the full range for the patient.
  • Evaluate for symmetry, limitations, pain, crepitus, and muscle spasms.

Musculoskeletal System Assessment

  • Review of patient's subjective complaints (e.g., pain, weakness, stiffness, mobility limitations)
  • Inspection, palpation, range of motion, and strength assessments.
  • Assess for swelling, deformities, muscle wasting, and gait abnormalities.
  • Evaluate tenderness, warmth, effusions, crepitus, and masses.
  • Record and document findings thoroughly.

Pregnancy Assessment

  • Breast tenderness and enlargement
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fatigue
  • Frequent urination
  • Fetal movement around week 18-20
  • Increased blood volume (around 45%)
  • Shortness of breath related to elevated diaphragm
  • Edema in lower extremities
  • Increased cardiac output and heart rate

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Chap 13 Common Conditions of the Skin PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various skin conditions including benign lesions, inflammatory issues, and skin infections. Additionally, explore the side effects of medications that can impact the skin, including rashes and severe reactions. This quiz is essential for healthcare professionals to understand skin pathologies.

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