Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of melanoma lesions?
What is a characteristic feature of melanoma lesions?
What do the EFG criteria help to identify in skin lesions?
What do the EFG criteria help to identify in skin lesions?
Which characteristic is NOT part of the ABCDE criteria for identifying concerning skin lesions?
Which characteristic is NOT part of the ABCDE criteria for identifying concerning skin lesions?
During which Tanner stage does the areola and nipple form a secondary mound over the breast?
During which Tanner stage does the areola and nipple form a secondary mound over the breast?
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What is a common occurrence during normal breast development in adolescents?
What is a common occurrence during normal breast development in adolescents?
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Which skin condition is typically characterized by a pearly or waxy bump?
Which skin condition is typically characterized by a pearly or waxy bump?
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What is the average time it takes for full breast development from budding to maturity?
What is the average time it takes for full breast development from budding to maturity?
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Which feature is often associated with squamous cell carcinoma?
Which feature is often associated with squamous cell carcinoma?
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What is a crucial early warning sign of colorectal cancer that should prompt medical evaluation?
What is a crucial early warning sign of colorectal cancer that should prompt medical evaluation?
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Who is considered the primary source of information when collecting subjective data from infants?
Who is considered the primary source of information when collecting subjective data from infants?
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Which technique is recommended for engaging caregivers when discussing a child's symptoms?
Which technique is recommended for engaging caregivers when discussing a child's symptoms?
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What area is NOT evaluated when assessing developmental competence in children?
What area is NOT evaluated when assessing developmental competence in children?
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Which approach is important for providing developmentally-appropriate care to children?
Which approach is important for providing developmentally-appropriate care to children?
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What is a key consideration when obtaining a sexual health history?
What is a key consideration when obtaining a sexual health history?
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Which question is NOT recommended when taking a sexual health history?
Which question is NOT recommended when taking a sexual health history?
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What is the primary benefit of using developmentally-appropriate care for pediatric patients?
What is the primary benefit of using developmentally-appropriate care for pediatric patients?
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What does downward drift during a pronator drift test indicate?
What does downward drift during a pronator drift test indicate?
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Which of the following is a common symptom to inquire about during genital lesion assessment?
Which of the following is a common symptom to inquire about during genital lesion assessment?
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During testicular self-examination, when is the best time to perform the examination?
During testicular self-examination, when is the best time to perform the examination?
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What is a concerning finding when inspecting the glans penis?
What is a concerning finding when inspecting the glans penis?
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What technique should be used to detect abnormalities during testicular self-examination?
What technique should be used to detect abnormalities during testicular self-examination?
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Which finding during the inspection of the scrotum may necessitate further evaluation?
Which finding during the inspection of the scrotum may necessitate further evaluation?
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What should be documented if any abnormalities are found during a physical examination of the scrotum?
What should be documented if any abnormalities are found during a physical examination of the scrotum?
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How should the foreskin be handled during a genital examination if it's present?
How should the foreskin be handled during a genital examination if it's present?
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What does a plantar grasp reflex indicate when testing a newborn?
What does a plantar grasp reflex indicate when testing a newborn?
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What is the highest possible total score on the APGAR assessment?
What is the highest possible total score on the APGAR assessment?
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Which APGAR component assesses the newborn's skin color?
Which APGAR component assesses the newborn's skin color?
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An APGAR score of 6 indicates which of the following?
An APGAR score of 6 indicates which of the following?
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What approach should be taken when assessing an adolescent patient?
What approach should be taken when assessing an adolescent patient?
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What signifies an abnormal finding during the stepping reflex test in a newborn?
What signifies an abnormal finding during the stepping reflex test in a newborn?
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When conducting a comprehensive assessment of an adolescent, which factor is NOT essential to consider?
When conducting a comprehensive assessment of an adolescent, which factor is NOT essential to consider?
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What does it indicate if a newborn shows asymmetric or absent primitive reflexes?
What does it indicate if a newborn shows asymmetric or absent primitive reflexes?
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What is the significance of assessing urinary symptoms in older women?
What is the significance of assessing urinary symptoms in older women?
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What common factors may contribute to urinary incontinence in older women?
What common factors may contribute to urinary incontinence in older women?
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What is the recommended age for the initial doses of the HPV vaccine to ensure full protection?
What is the recommended age for the initial doses of the HPV vaccine to ensure full protection?
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Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Tanner staging?
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Tanner staging?
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Why is it important to create a supportive environment for discussing urinary symptoms in older women?
Why is it important to create a supportive environment for discussing urinary symptoms in older women?
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How does the HPV vaccine impact cancer rates in underserved populations?
How does the HPV vaccine impact cancer rates in underserved populations?
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What should health professionals remember when discussing Tanner staging with adolescents?
What should health professionals remember when discussing Tanner staging with adolescents?
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What role does nocturia indicate in older women's urinary symptoms?
What role does nocturia indicate in older women's urinary symptoms?
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What is the primary purpose of the initial patient assessment?
What is the primary purpose of the initial patient assessment?
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Which component is NOT part of the information gathered during the initial patient assessment?
Which component is NOT part of the information gathered during the initial patient assessment?
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When documenting assessment findings, what should you avoid including?
When documenting assessment findings, what should you avoid including?
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What aspect of communication is critical throughout the initial patient assessment?
What aspect of communication is critical throughout the initial patient assessment?
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In the SBAR communication model, what does 'S' stand for?
In the SBAR communication model, what does 'S' stand for?
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Which of the following is a recommended technique when conducting a patient assessment?
Which of the following is a recommended technique when conducting a patient assessment?
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What should be included in the assessment of vital signs?
What should be included in the assessment of vital signs?
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During the assessment, how should a nurse best describe the level of distress observed in a patient?
During the assessment, how should a nurse best describe the level of distress observed in a patient?
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Study Notes
Common Skin Conditions
- Benign skin lesions include acne, psoriasis, and seborrheic keratoses.
- Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition causing red, scaly plaques, often on knees, elbows, and scalp.
- Inflammatory conditions like eczema and dermatitis present as itchy, red, irritated skin.
- Skin infections can be bacterial (e.g., impetigo, cellulitis), viral (e.g., warts, herpes), or fungal (e.g., ringworm).
- Age-related changes include wrinkles, age spots, thinning skin, and senile purpura (bruising).
- Accurate assessment of skin lesions, considering appearance, distribution, and morphology, is vital for nurses to identify and document skin pathologies.
Medication Side Effects (Skin)
- Skin rashes and eruptions can result from antibiotics (e.g., sulfonamides, penicillins) and anticonvulsants.
- Severe reactions like toxic epidermal necrolysis can occur.
- Photosensitivity reactions can be triggered by exposure to UV light, occurring with some antibiotics, NSAIDs, and diuretics.
- Medications like corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, and some psychiatric medications can cause acne and oily skin.
- Dry skin and pruritus (itching) can be linked to diuretics, cholesterol medications, and retinoids.
- Skin discoloration, potentially darkening, can arise from antimalarials, phenytoin, or amiodarone.
- Some drugs, particularly antibiotics, can cause allergic skin reactions and increase sensitivity to sunlight. These include sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, oral hypoglycemics, tetracycline, antimalarials, anticancer agents, hormones, metals, and tetracycline.
Primary and Secondary Skin Lesions
-
Primary lesions:
- Macule: Flat, discolored area (e.g., mole)
- Papule: Elevated, solid area (e.g., wart, mole)
- Bulla: Fluid-filled blister larger than 1cm
- Pustule: Vesicle filled with pus (e.g., acne)
- Plaque: Raised, flat-topped solid lesion larger than 1 cm.
- Nodule: solid, raised lesion greater than 0.5 cm.
- Patch: Flat, non-raised discolored area over 1cm.
-
Secondary lesions:
- Scales, crusts, fissure, ulcer, scar, atrophy
Signs of Skin Cancer (ABCDE)
- Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn't match the other.
- Border: Irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred edges.
- Color: Uneven coloring, including shades of brown, black, or other colors (red, white, blue).
- Diameter: Larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser).
- Evolving: Changing in size, shape, color, or symptoms (itching or bleeding).
Normal Findings in Adolescent Breast Exam
- Preadolescent: Small elevated nipple.
- Breast bud stage: Small mound of breast and nipple; areola widens.
- Enlarged breasts and areola; nipple flush with the breast surface.
- Secondary breast mound forms over the mature breast; only the nipple protrudes.
Documenting Breast Lump Findings
- Location (quadrant and distance from nipple)
- Size (length, width, depth)
- Characteristics (shape, borders, consistency, mobility, tenderness).
- Skin changes (dimpling, retraction, etc.)
- Nipple discharge
- Lymph nodes
Skeletal Muscle ROM Assessment
- Active ROM: Patient moves the joint through its range independently.
- Passive ROM: Clinician moves the joint to the full range for the patient.
- Evaluate for symmetry, limitations, pain, crepitus, and muscle spasms.
Musculoskeletal System Assessment
- Review of patient's subjective complaints (e.g., pain, weakness, stiffness, mobility limitations)
- Inspection, palpation, range of motion, and strength assessments.
- Assess for swelling, deformities, muscle wasting, and gait abnormalities.
- Evaluate tenderness, warmth, effusions, crepitus, and masses.
- Record and document findings thoroughly.
Pregnancy Assessment
- Breast tenderness and enlargement
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue
- Frequent urination
- Fetal movement around week 18-20
- Increased blood volume (around 45%)
- Shortness of breath related to elevated diaphragm
- Edema in lower extremities
- Increased cardiac output and heart rate
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Description
Test your knowledge on various skin conditions including benign lesions, inflammatory issues, and skin infections. Additionally, explore the side effects of medications that can impact the skin, including rashes and severe reactions. This quiz is essential for healthcare professionals to understand skin pathologies.
