Measles and Skin Conditions Quiz

Treatment for impetigo involves keeping fingernails short, preventing contact with others, and washing affected area with soapy water.

Hygiene practices for impetigo include avoiding sharing towels/clothing and thoroughly washing hands after touching affected area.

Treatment for cold sores involves avoiding touching the area, and using acyclovir when first presented for reduced healing times, as well as proper hygiene practices.

Hygiene practices for cold sores include not sharing utensils/lipstick/towels and washing hands after touching the affected area.

Transmission risk from cold sores is highest during the first 4 days. Avoid kissing.

Acyclovir works by inhibiting herpes virus DNA polymerase.

Use acyclovir as soon as cold sore symptoms appear for fastest healing.

Sunblock can help prevent cold sores triggered by sun exposure.

Viral infection caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV1)

Cold sores are viral (HSV1), while impetigo is bacterial.

HSV1 almost always causes cold sores, HSV2 most commonly causes genital herpes.

About 50% of adults have been infected with HSV1, possibly without symptoms.

Cold sores can reactivate due to the virus lying dormant in nerve endings.

Cold sores are mostly contracted by pre-school children, often without any symptoms.

A cold sore infection typically lasts for the infected person's lifetime.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV1) infects nerve endings, travelling to and lying dormant in the trigeminal nerve's sensory ganglia.

A highly contagious bacterial infection, commonly found on the face, characterized by sores that crust over.

A viral infection caused by herpes simplex virus, commonly appearing as painful blisters on the lips or mouth.

Impetigo is bacterial, has no early warning signs, and spreads easily. Cold sores are viral and often have a tingling sensation before they appear.

Antibiotics are used to treat impetigo. Antivirals are used to treat cold sores. Avoiding NSAIDs is crucial for both.

Both impetigo and cold sores are not recommended to treat during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus. Breastfeeding is generally considered safe for both conditions.

Chickenpox spreads through direct contact with an infected person and through the fluid from their blisters.

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral illness that causes rash, fever, headache, and tiredness.

There's no cure for Chickenpox, but you can manage the symptoms with antiviral medications like acyclovir.

The best way to prevent Chickenpox is getting the chickenpox vaccine.

In rare cases, Chickenpox can cause serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, and skin infections.

The virus that causes Chickenpox can lie dormant in the body and reactivate later in life, causing shingles.

Chickenpox and measles are highly contagious viral illnesses with distinct symptoms and complications.

Promethazine is a medication that can help alleviate symptoms of chickenpox, but it can make children drowsy.

Bullous impetigo often starts with itching, burning, and tingling sensations on the skin, hours to days before fluid-filled blisters appear.

A bullous impetigo lesion typically resolves within 7 to 10 days, but the entire process from prodromal symptoms to symptom resolution can take up to 14 days.

The stage of progression and the appearance of the lesion are the key differences. Cold sores have a prodrome, and the blisters dry up to form yellow crusts, typically on the lips, nose, and around the mouth. Bullous impetigo lesions involve flaccid, fluid-filled bullae that rupture quickly and leave a thin brown crust.

A cold sore starts as a small, red, itchy patch of skin. It then develops into vesicles (fluid-filled blisters) that rupture and weep, eventually drying up to form yellow-brown crusted lesions.

A cold sore infection is contagious until the lesions have dried up.

Bullous impetigo often appears on the trunk, but can also affect other areas of the body.

The prodromal period, with its itching, burning, and tingling sensations, is an important indicator for cold sores. It helps in early diagnosis and treatment.

Delaying treatment for cold sores can increase healing time, making them more uncomfortable and increasing the risk of transmission.

A type of parasitic worm that can live in the intestines, often migrating to the anus and causing itching. It is transmitted through contaminated food, water, or soil, and can be difficult to identify. It is also known as Ascaris lumbricoides, which causes ascariasis.

Infection caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, which can lead to various symptoms depending on the stage of infection, especially when the worm migrates through the lungs, liver, and trachea.

Roundworms are typically spread through the fecal-oral route, meaning they can be ingested from contaminated food, water, or soil. However, inhalation is also possible.

The most noticeable symptom of a roundworm infection affecting the anus is severe itching. This happens when the female worms migrate there to lay eggs.

Roundworms have a complex life cycle that involves migration. After hatching in the intestines, larvae travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, liver, trachea, and esophagus, eventually returning to the intestines.

Motion sickness medications are most effective when taken before the onset of symptoms, as a preventative measure.

Promethazine is the only motion sickness medication proven effective for treating existing symptoms, while others are mainly for prevention.

Dry mouth is a frequent side effect of motion sickness medications due to their antihistamine and anticholinergic properties.

Sucking on sweets or hard candies can help stimulate saliva production and alleviate dry mouth caused by motion sickness medication.

Drivers and pregnant women are particularly sensitive to motion sickness and may benefit from using motion sickness medications.

SE-Bands apply pressure to the P6 acupoint on the wrist, which is believed to help reduce nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness.

Studies on the effectiveness of SE-Bands are mixed, with some suggesting their use as a preventative measure.

Practices that promote healthy sleep patterns, such as exercising regularly during the day, optimizing bedroom conditions, developing a bedtime ritual, and avoiding stimulants like alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine before bed.

Promethazine has antihistamine, anticholinergic, and anti-dopaminergic properties, which help reduce nausea and vomiting by affecting the vomiting center.

Blue light emitted from electronic devices like TV, phones, and tablets can interfere with melatonin production, making it harder to fall asleep.

A hormone naturally produced by the body to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Supplemental melatonin can be helpful for sleep onset latency and quality, especially in older adults.

Melatonin supplements should only be used for short periods (up to 3 months) due to potential tolerance issues and limited clinical evidence for chronic insomnia.

A medication that helps with weight loss by blocking the absorption of fat. It should be used in combination with a low-fat, calorie-restricted diet.

Orlistat can reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, so supplementing might be needed.

Regular physical activity during the day can promote better sleep quality, but avoid exercising too close to bedtime.

Alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine can interfere with sleep by stimulating the nervous system, making it harder to fall asleep and stay asleep.

Domperidone is a medication sometimes used to treat motion sickness, although its effectiveness is debated. It works by promoting stomach emptying and reducing nausea.

Strategies to combat motion sickness include minimizing movement, focusing on stationary objects, and maintaining good ventilation.

Reading while traveling can worsen motion sickness because it involves visual focus on a close-up stationary object, while the body experiences motion. This creates conflicting sensory signals that can trigger nausea.

Consuming alcohol or large meals before traveling can worsen motion sickness due to their effects on digestion and the nervous system.

Acupressure is an alternative therapy for motion sickness, involving applying pressure to specific points on the body, like the Nei Guan point on the wrist, which may help reduce nausea.

Ginger has been traditionally used to combat nausea and may be effective for motion sickness. It is available over-the-counter and offers a potential natural remedy.

Domperidone has been linked to an increased risk of serious heart rhythm problems in some cases. This has led to regulatory action in several countries.

The FDA has conducted a review of scientific evidence to assess the safety of Domperidone after other countries raised concerns about its potential cardiac risks.