Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) 2024-25 Mock Test

Instructions to Candidates

• Duration of test: 2 hours (120 minutes)
• Maximum marks: 120
• Use black/blue ballpoint pen to write roll number and other details on OMR response sheet
• Use black/blue ballpoint pen to shade circles
• Answer all questions, no clarification can be sought on question paper
• Possession of electronic devices is strictly prohibited in the examination hall
• Impersonation is an offense and will result in cancellation of examination and prosecution
• Test paper consists of 120 multiple-choice questions with negative marking for wrong answers
• Question paper is divided into five sections: English Language, Current Affairs and General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Techniques

Section A: English Language

• Passage 1: Conciliation is a voluntary, flexible, confidential, and interest-based process
  • Conciliator acts as a neutral third party to assist parties in reaching an amicable dispute settlement
  • Conciliator may provide a non-binding settlement proposal, unlike a mediator
  • Conciliation ensures party autonomy, expertise of the decision maker, and confidentiality
  • Conciliation is time and cost-efficient
• Passage 2: Proteins are molecules used for structure and other functions in the body
  • Formed from 22 types of amino acids, 8 of which are essential and cannot be manufactured by the body
  • Essential amino acids are: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine
  • Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids, incomplete proteins do not
  • Plant-based sources can provide all necessary nutrients for muscle growth and strength
• Passage 3: Sedition law and its misuse
  • CJI NV Ramana questions the need for sedition law 75 years after Independence
  • Petitions filed by journalists and a decorated soldier challenge the constitutionality of IPC 124A
  • Attorney-General KK Venugopal suggests laying down fresh guidelines to restrict the use of sedition### Judicial Pushbacks Against Wrongful Invocation
• Frequent judicial pushbacks against wrongful invocation of sedition and UAPA against dissenters and critics
• Lower courts have stood up firmly for liberty and against state overreach
• Examples: Bail for Disha Ravi in a sedition case, Delhi HC's bail for three anti-CAA activists in a UAPA case

Sedition Law

• Sedition law deserves a quickly administered death sentence, implying that it needs to be repealed
• The law is often misused, and the judiciary should take steps to strike it down

Bioremediation

• Bioremediation is the process of using living organisms like plants, fungi, and microbes to break down pollutants, including crude oil
• Microorganisms are present around the roots of plants, where they break down crude oil, making it easier for plants to take up
• The process is used to clean up contaminated soil, as seen in the case of Galo Rodriguez's farm in Ecuador

Chikungunya Vaccine

• The FDA has approved the world's first vaccine targeting chikungunya, a virus transmitted by infected mosquitoes
• The vaccine, developed by Europe's Valneva, contains a live, weakened version of the chikungunya virus
• Common side effects include headache, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, fever, and nausea
• Serious reactions were reported in 1.6 percent of recipients, with two cases requiring hospitalization

International Space Station (ISS)

• The ISS is the largest human-made object in space, operated with the support of Boeing
• The ISS enables human health research needed for deep space exploration that cannot be simulated in terrestrial environments
• Technologies being tested on the ISS include Environmental Control and Life Support Systems, water and microbial monitoring, robotic assistants, and advanced solar arrays

Bihar Reservation Law

• The Supreme Court refused to restrain the Bihar government from making further decisions based on the data of the caste-based survey
• The top court questioned the extent of the breakup of data which exists in the public domain
• The Bihar state legislature passed a bill to increase the reservations for government jobs and educational institutions to 75 per cent
• According to the caste-based survey, the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) comprise 63 per cent of the state's 13-crore population, while Scheduled Castes account for over 19 per cent.### Caste Survey in Bihar
• The Bihar government has introduced a 75% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions, including 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).
• The increase in reservations by the Bihar government reignites the conversation surrounding the 50% ceiling on reservations set by the Supreme Court.

Demographics of Bihar

• Scheduled Castes make up 16.13% of Bihar's population, while Scheduled Tribes make up 1.68%.
• The upper castes, or 'savarnas', form 15.52% of the population.

Patna High Court

• The Patna High Court was established in 1916.

First Chief Minister of Bihar

• The first chief minister of Bihar was Shri Krishna Sinha.

Project Arth Ganga

• Arth Ganga is an initiative added to the Namami Ganga Program launched by the Government in 2016.
• It aims to develop a sustainable and viable economic development model to strengthen the river-people connect through an economic bridge.
• Six pillars of Arth Ganga:
  • Promotion of Natural Farming within 5 km of River Ganga.
  • Monetisation and reuse of Treated water and sludge from STPs.
  • Improvement of Livelihood opportunities, particularly for women.
  • Promotion of Tourism and Cultural heritage.
  • People's Participation and Building of capacities and institutions.
• Implementation of these initiatives is aimed to develop a sustainable development model with focus on economic activities related to River Ganga.

Post Office Bill 2023

• The Post Office Bill 2023 aims to repeal the 125-year-old Indian Post Office Act.
• The Bill allows the Centre to intercept, open, or detain any item, and deliver it to customs authorities.
• Section 9 of the Bill allows the Centre to empower any officer to intercept, open, or detain any item in the interest of state security, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, emergency, public safety, or contravention of other laws.

Companies Act 2013

• Section 149 of the Companies Act 2013 requires every listed company and every public company with a paid-up share capital of ₹100 crore or more, or a turnover of ₹300 crore or more, to appoint at least one woman director.
• Section 152 states that every director of the company is to be appointed by the company in a general meeting, unless otherwise mentioned in the Act.
• Regulation 17(1) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Listing Obligation Disclosure Requirements), Regulations 2015, requires that the composition of the board of directors of the listed entity shall have an optimum combination of executive and non-executive directors with at least one woman director and not less than 50% of the board of directors shall comprise of non-executive directors.
• Section 165 states that a person shall not hold office as a director, including any alternate directorship, in more than 20 companies at the same time.

Rainwater Harvesting

• The Model Building Bye Laws, 2016, has a chapter on 'Rainwater Harvesting' and has been issued for guidance of the States/UTs.
• 33 States/UTs have adopted the rainwater harvesting provisions.
• The provisions of this chapter are applicable to all buildings once adopted.
• The implementation of the rainwater harvesting policy in urban settings comes within the purview of the State Government/Urban Local Body/Urban Development Authority.