Common Health Problems in Toddlers Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the skin is affected in a second-degree burn?

Epidermis only

Epidermis and part of the dermis (correct)

Full extent of dermis into subcutaneous tissue

Muscle and bone

What is a common cause of first-degree burns?

Flames

Scalding

Chemical exposure

Sunburn (correct)

Which burn classification involves skin appearing white or charred and lacking sensation?

First-degree

Fourth-degree

Third-degree (correct)

Second-degree

How do second-degree burns typically heal?

By tissue regeneration over 2-6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

In a fourth-degree burn, what structures does the burn extend into?

Muscle and bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the 2nd greatest cause of unintentional injury in 1-4 year olds?

Drowning Signup and view all the answers

Which type of burn is caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun?

Radiation burn Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental aspect involves seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, and smelling?

Sensory/Cognitive Signup and view all the answers

What type of burn can be caused by falling on a treadmill in motion?

Friction burn Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injury is most common in children aged 5 to 14 years old?

Burns Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of burn caused by scalding liquids or flames?

Thermal burn Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in managing minor burns?

Immediate application of cool water Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for moderate burns to prevent infection?

Application of Silver sulfadiazine and dressing Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to ask where a fire occurred in burn cases?

To assess the extent of respiratory involvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of debridement in burn injuries?

To remove dead or infected skin tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is recommended for severe burns to prevent contractures?

Physical therapy Signup and view all the answers

What fluid shift occurs after a burn injury leading to hypovolemia?

Increased capillary permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which immediate effects are associated with iron poisoning in children?

Abdominal pain and diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended therapeutic management for caustic poisoning in a child?

Intubation or tracheotomy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of lead poisoning in children?

Encephalitis Signup and view all the answers

How does large iron ingestion affect the gastric mucosa in children?

Leads to severe gastric irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential indication for administering Deferoxamine in iron poisoning?

To reduce kidney damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor indicating unsafe lead levels in children?

Blood level of lead >5µg/dl Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary step in managing poisoning at home according to the text?

Calling the National Poison Control Center Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of acetaminophen poisoning mentioned in the text?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for conscious victims in case of caustic poisoning?

Administering activated charcoal Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of ingesting strong alkali in caustic poisoning as per the text?

Tissue necrosis in the mouth and throat Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote mentioned in the text for acetaminophen poisoning?

Acetylcysteine Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in the case of caustic poisoning according to the text?

Inducing vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Toddler Development

Gross motor development includes walking, running, and climbing
Fine motor development includes feeding oneself, drawing, and other skills
Sensory/Cognitive development includes seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, and smelling
Language/Communication development includes saying single words and then sentences
Social/Emotional development includes playing with others, taking turns, and doing fantasy play

Health Problems Common in Toddlers

Burns are injuries to body tissue caused by excessive heat (greater than 40°C or 104°F)
Burns are the 2nd greatest cause of unintentional injury in 1-4 year olds and the 3rd most common cause in children 5-14 years old
Every day, over 300 children are treated in emergency rooms for burn-related injuries

Types of Burns

Thermal burns: caused by external heat sources (e.g. hot metals, scalding liquids, steam, and flames)
Radiation burns: caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays (e.g. from the sun, cancer treatments, or nuclear power plant leaks)
Chemical burns: caused by strong acids, alkalis, detergents, or solvents
Electrical burns: caused by electrical current
Friction burns: caused by direct damage to cells and heat generated by friction (e.g. falling on a treadmill or rope burn)

Burn Assessment

Airway: beware of inhalation and rapid airway compromise
Breathing: assess for respiratory involvement
Circulation: assess for fluid replacement
Disability: assess for compartment syndrome
Exposure: calculate the percentage area of the burn using the Rule of Nines

Classification and Description of Burns

First degree: affects only the epidermis, appears red, dry, and with no blisters, feels mildly painful, heals in 1-10 days
Second degree: involves the epidermis and part of the dermis, appears red, blistered, and may be swollen, very painful, heals in 2-6 weeks
Third degree: involves the epidermis and full extent of the dermis, appears white or charred, lacks sensation, requires skin grafting, heals in months
Fourth degree: extends into muscle and bone, requires skin grafting, may cause permanent damage

Poisoning

Common causes of poisoning: soap, cosmetics, detergents, plants, OTC drugs, vitamins, aspirin, and acetaminophen
Emergency management at home: call the National Poison Control Center, provide information on what was swallowed, child's weight and age, and how long ago the poisoning occurred
Emergency management at the healthcare facility: administer activated charcoal, provide information on the child's present condition

Acetaminophen Poisoning

Causes extreme permanent liver destruction
Symptoms: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and increased SGPT and SGOT
Antidote: acetylcysteine or activated charcoal

Caustic Poisoning

Causes burns and tissue necrosis in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach
Assessment: pain in mouth and throat, drooling saliva
Therapeutic management: don't let the child vomit, bring to the nearest hospital, don't administer activated charcoal, IV morphine for pain, X-ray, laryngoscopy, and esophagoscopy

Iron Poisoning

Causes severe gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
Immediate effects: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Effects after 6-12 hours: melena, hematemesis, cyanosis, vasomotor collapse, coagulation defects, hepatic injury, and lethargy
Therapeutic management: don't give activated charcoal, stomach lavage, administer cathartics, administer Maalox or Mylanta, IV or IM Deferoxamine, GI X-ray, and liver studies

Lead Poisoning

Causes hypochromic, microcytic anemia, kidney destruction, and encephalitis or inflammation of brain cells
Assessment: lethargy, impulsiveness, learning difficulties, and blood lead level >5µg/dl
Therapeutic management: chelation therapy, removal of the source of lead, and support for symptoms

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Description

Test your knowledge about common health problems that toddlers may experience, including burns, poisoning, child abuse, cerebral palsy, and common injuries like drowning and aspiration. Learn about different aspects of toddler development such as gross motor skills, fine motor skills, sensory/cognitive abilities, language/communication skills, and social/emotional development.