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Questions and Answers
What principle allowed Congress greater latitude in enacting regulations based on their potential impact on interstate commerce?
What principle allowed Congress greater latitude in enacting regulations based on their potential impact on interstate commerce?
The Supreme Court's decision in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States upheld the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA).
The Supreme Court's decision in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States upheld the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA).
False
What did the Court recognize in NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. that justified federal regulation of labor relations?
What did the Court recognize in NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. that justified federal regulation of labor relations?
Labor disputes in a large corporation could significantly affect interstate commerce.
The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause expanded during the __________ era.
The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause expanded during the __________ era.
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Match the following cases with their outcomes regarding the Commerce Clause:
Match the following cases with their outcomes regarding the Commerce Clause:
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What was a significant effect of the 'switch in time that saved nine' on the Supreme Court's interpretation?
What was a significant effect of the 'switch in time that saved nine' on the Supreme Court's interpretation?
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The aggregate effects doctrine supports the regulation of activities based on their indirect effects on interstate commerce.
The aggregate effects doctrine supports the regulation of activities based on their indirect effects on interstate commerce.
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In what way did the interpretation of 'commerce' change during the New Deal era?
In what way did the interpretation of 'commerce' change during the New Deal era?
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Which case upheld the National Labor Relations Act and broadened the interpretation of the Commerce Clause?
Which case upheld the National Labor Relations Act and broadened the interpretation of the Commerce Clause?
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The Aggregate Effects Doctrine suggests that local activities can be regulated only if they are directly involved in interstate commerce.
The Aggregate Effects Doctrine suggests that local activities can be regulated only if they are directly involved in interstate commerce.
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What was the main outcome of Wickard v. Filburn with respect to economic activities?
What was the main outcome of Wickard v. Filburn with respect to economic activities?
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The phrase 'switch in time that saved nine' refers to a shift in the Supreme Court's approach to _______ legislation.
The phrase 'switch in time that saved nine' refers to a shift in the Supreme Court's approach to _______ legislation.
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Match the following Supreme Court cases with their significance regarding the Commerce Clause:
Match the following Supreme Court cases with their significance regarding the Commerce Clause:
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What did the Court's decision in Wickard v. Filburn signify for the regulation of economic activities?
What did the Court's decision in Wickard v. Filburn signify for the regulation of economic activities?
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The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause has remained consistent since 1937.
The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause has remained consistent since 1937.
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What principle emerged from the New Deal-era cases that expanded federal regulatory power?
What principle emerged from the New Deal-era cases that expanded federal regulatory power?
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What does the aggregate effects doctrine allow the Court to consider?
What does the aggregate effects doctrine allow the Court to consider?
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The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause has remained unchanged throughout history.
The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause has remained unchanged throughout history.
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Name one case that demonstrated the application of the aggregate effects doctrine.
Name one case that demonstrated the application of the aggregate effects doctrine.
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The broader interpretation of commerce includes not just the movement of goods but also activities that can affect the economic conditions of __________.
The broader interpretation of commerce includes not just the movement of goods but also activities that can affect the economic conditions of __________.
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Which New Deal-era case involved the recognition of the effects of labor disputes on interstate commerce?
Which New Deal-era case involved the recognition of the effects of labor disputes on interstate commerce?
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The term 'switch in time that saved nine' refers to the Supreme Court's consistent opposition to New Deal policies.
The term 'switch in time that saved nine' refers to the Supreme Court's consistent opposition to New Deal policies.
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The Commerce Clause grants Congress the power to regulate __________ among the states.
The Commerce Clause grants Congress the power to regulate __________ among the states.
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Match the following New Deal-era cases with their respective impact on federal regulation:
Match the following New Deal-era cases with their respective impact on federal regulation:
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Study Notes
Commerce Clause
- Grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with Indian tribes.
- Interpretation has evolved, notably in the early 20th century.
- Key elements include:
- Scope of Federal Power: The extent to which Congress can regulate activities affecting interstate commerce.
- Judicial Review: The Supreme Court's role in reviewing and potentially overturning federal regulations based on the Commerce Clause.
- Economic Activity: Types of economic activities subject to federal regulation.
New Deal Era Shift
- Marked a significant shift in the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause.
- Before 1937, the Court took a narrow view, striking down many New Deal programs as unconstitutional (e.g., Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 1935).
- The "switch in time" (1937) saw a change in Supreme Court approach impacting New Deal legislation and led to a more expansive interpretation of powers.
Expanding Federal Power
- NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937) broadened the scope, upholding the National Labor Relations Act, linking labor relations in large corporations to interstate commerce.
- Wickard v. Filburn (1942) further expanded regulation, establishing the "aggregate effects doctrine." This allowed regulation even of local activities demonstrably affecting interstate commerce (e.g., growing wheat for personal use).
Principles from New Deal Cases
- Aggregate Effects Doctrine: Recognizes the cumulative impact of seemingly local activities on interstate commerce.
- Deference to Congressional Findings: The Supreme Court often accepts Congress's determination of impact on interstate commerce.
Narrowing Interpretations Post-New Deal
- U.S. v. Lopez (1995): Marked a return to a more limited interpretation of the Commerce Clause, holding that gun possession in a school zone was not sufficiently tied to interstate commerce.
- U.S. v. Morrison (2000): Further limited Commerce Clause power, finding that gender-based violence did not have a sufficient connection to interstate commerce to be regulated federally.
Key Cases
- Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935)
- NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937)
- Wickard v. Filburn (1942)
- U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
- U.S. v. Morrison (2000)
- Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964)
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Description
Explore the dynamics of the Commerce Clause and its significant evolution during the New Deal Era. This quiz delves into Congress's powers to regulate commerce and the Supreme Court's changing interpretation, particularly before and after 1937. Gain insights into key cases and their implications for federal regulations.
