2 Column Distribution in Skeleton Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the layout type where columns are distributed at equal distances in both directions?

  • Irregular layout
  • Different distances in one direction
  • Equal distances in both directions (correct)
  • Different distances in both directions

Shear walls can only be used in traditional building designs.

False (B)

What happens to the depth of beams when columns are distributed at different distances in one direction?

The depth of beams increases.

Columns must conform to all architectural _____ to avoid issues in building design.

<p>schemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the column layout types with their descriptions:

<p>Equal distances in both directions = Easier design due to similar spaces created Different distances in both directions = Creates rectangular spaces with uniform area Different distances in one direction = More complex with varying space distance affecting design</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for distributing columns at the intersection of walls?

<p>To reduce secondary bridges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Columns in a skeleton system should ideally be spaced more than 7 meters apart.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the suggested shapes of columns that should be coordinated with the architect?

<p>Square, rectangular, or circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distance between columns should balance the cost of the project __________ and above the ground.

<p>underground</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layout of columns is recommended to avoid interference with architectural features?

<p>Columns should be oriented in the long direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shear walls are required to be built on both sides of an elevator during construction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with how they relate to column distribution:

<p>Columns at wall intersections = Reduces secondary bridges Columns following axes = Eases implementation Economic distance between columns = Balances underground and above-ground costs Columns at corners = Support structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred maximum distance for columns in a skeleton system?

<p>7 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Equal Distances in Both Directions (Column Layout)

In this layout, columns are placed at equal distances in both directions (longitudinal and accidental). It simplifies design and planning as all spaces are identical, allowing for efficient construction.

Different Distances in Both Directions (Column Layout)

In this layout, columns are placed at different distances between two directions, creating rectangular spaces while keeping the area of each space consistent.

Different Distances in One Direction (Column Layout)

In this layout, columns are arranged with uneven spacing in the same direction, making each space unique and requiring individual design considerations for beams and reinforcement.

Shear Walls

Reinforced concrete walls designed to resist lateral loads, commonly used in conjunction with columns to enhance building stability.

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Integration of Columns and Shear Walls

The arrangement of columns and shear walls needs to be harmonious and balanced to optimize structural stability and facilitate functional spaces within a building.

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Column Layout

The arrangement and distribution of columns in a building's skeletal system.

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Columns at Wall Intersections

An arrangement of columns where they are positioned at the points where walls intersect, minimizing the need for additional structural support.

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Columns Aligned on Axes

Organizing columns along a single, continuous line, simplifying construction and reducing errors.

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Columns Aligned with Long Direction

Placing columns parallel to the longer side of a room to avoid obstructing doors, windows, and the overall architectural design.

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Columns in Corners

A column is strategically placed in each corner of the building for added stability and structural integrity.

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Economic Column Spacing

The distance between columns should be optimal (3-7 meters) to balance construction cost below and above ground. Too close, and you use more columns and foundations. Too far, and you need heavier beams.

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Columns at Stair Sides

Columns are placed along the sides of staircases to provide support and structural integrity.

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Shear Walls Around Elevators

Shear walls, thick walls designed for strength, are built on both sides of elevators for structural stability.

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Study Notes

Column Distribution in Skeleton Systems

  • Column distribution methods in buildings differ significantly from load-bearing wall systems.
  • In load-bearing wall systems, reinforcement quantity depends on the dimensions of the space.
  • Skeleton systems' reinforcement depends on the column layout type.
  • Columns are usually positioned on fixed axes in both directions, directly supporting beams.
  • Architectural charts help guide column placement.

Determining Column Type and Shape

  • First, determine the required column type (square, rectangular, circular, etc.).
  • Column shape depends on architectural design and project needs.

Column Placement Priorities

  • Columns should preferably be placed at wall intersections, reducing secondary supports.
  • Columns should be aligned on a single axis for easier installation and accuracy.

Column Orientation and Spacing

  • Columns should be positioned in the long direction, avoiding interference with doors, windows, etc.
  • An economical column spacing (3-7 meters) balances underground/above-ground project costs.
  • Narrowing column spacing decreases the amount of foundation material needed, but increased iron usage for large spans.

Columns and Shear Walls

  • Shear walls should line stair and elevator sides.
  • If a reinforced shear wall is used at one end of the structure, a matching wall is necessary on the opposing end to minimize damage in case of seismic activity.

Column Placement and Architectural Schemes

  • Column placement should adhere to all architectural schemes.
  • Columns must not be placed within designated rooms.

Column Layout Types

  • Equal Distances: Columns are placed at equal intervals in both longitudinal and transverse directions, creating similar spaces for easier design.
  • Different Distances: In this type, columns are placed at varying intervals between directions, resulting in rectangular spaces with consistent areas.
  • Different Distances in One Direction: Columns in one direction are spaced at different intervals, leading to more complex designs with varying space depths and potentially increased reinforcement requirements.

Reinforced Concrete Walls (Shear Walls)

  • Reinforced concrete walls (shear walls) act as integral parts of the skeleton system. Their placement is part of a harmonic system to integrate with column distribution.

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Lecture 2 Columns Distribution PDF

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