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Questions and Answers
What is one advantage of using contact lenses for cosmetic purposes?
Improves the appearance of the eye
Contact lens complications are more prevalent in children than in adults.
False
What is a consideration before fitting a child with contact lenses?
Soft contact lenses are used to 'bandage' the cornea to promote healing of its _____.
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Match the conditions with their suitability for contact lens fitting:
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What is the common term for color vision deficiency?
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True or False: True color blindness, where no color can be seen at all, is a common condition.
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Congenital color vision defects are present in around 8% of boys and around __% of girls.
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What are the three types of cones present in the human eye responsible for color vision?
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What is the most common type of color blindness?
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Match the following types of color blindness with their descriptions:
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What is the recommended screening frequency for children ages 9 and younger?
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True or False: Referrals should only be made if a child's screening results indicate a need for further evaluation.
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Referral should be made if there is a __-line difference.
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What is the primary advantage of using contact lenses for children younger than 12 years of age?
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Study Notes
Color Vision Deficiency in Children
- Color vision deficiency is a condition where people have difficulty seeing colors clearly and accurately.
- Also known as color blindness, but true color blindness is rare, where no colors can be seen at all.
- Color vision deficiency can be inherited or acquired and can vary in severity.
- Some people may not be aware they have a color deficiency until they take a color vision test.
Types of Color Vision Deficiency
- Monochromacy: no cones are available, and individuals do not see colors at all, similar to watching a black and white TV.
- Anomalous trichromacy: loss or damage to one or more cone types in the retina, divided into:
- Red-Green color blindness: most common type, with four categories (protanopia, protanomaly, deuteranopia, deuteranomaly).
- Blue-Yellow color blindness: less common, with two categories (tritanopia, tritanomaly).
Diagnosis of Color Vision Deficiency
- Most can be evaluated after 4 years of age.
- Important to diagnose because:
- Severe color vision deficiency may cause a child to be misidentified as learning disabled.
- Color vision deficiency may indicate an ocular health problem.
- Important for decision-making, particularly for career-related decisions.
Diagnostic Tests
- Ishihara test: most commonly used, uses multicolored dots to identify color vision deficiency.
- Color Vision Testing Made Easy: uses common shapes and symbols, is simple, quick, and easy for children to take.
Vision Screening in Young Children
- Vision screening is a systematic approach to identifying children with potential vision problems.
- Focuses on detecting conditions that are commonly occurring and can be easily corrected.
- Important because:
- Children are most sensitive to correction during the first 7-8 years of life.
- Vision problems can impact learning and may lead to permanent loss of vision if left untreated.
Components of Vision Screening
- Distance Visual Acuity (DVA)
- Near Visual Acuity (NVA)
- Stereopsis
- Color Vision
- External Eye Evaluation
- Retinoscopy
- Ophthalmoscopy
- Cover Test
Referral Criteria
- Referrals should be made if the child's screening results indicate a need for further evaluation.
- All children who do not pass the vision screening should be referred.
- Classification of referrals:
- Correct referral: those who fail screening test and require vision care.
- Over referral: those who fail screening test but do not require vision care.
- Under referral: those who pass screening test but require vision care.
- True non-referral: those who pass screening test and do not require vision care.
Contact Lenses in Children
- Contact lenses can be a good option for children, especially those who report better vision-related quality of life when wearing contact lenses compared to glasses.
- Children of any age can be fit with contact lenses, and they are capable of looking after their contact lenses.
- Important considerations before fitting a child with contact lenses:
- Discuss why the child wants to wear lenses and who wants the lenses (parent or child).
- Ensure good communication and consider the child's ability to remove and care for the lenses.
Conditions Suitable for Contact Lens Fitting
- Aphakia
- Corneal trauma
- Cosmetic
- Therapeutic
- Amblyopia
- Refractive error
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of color vision deficiency, including its effects on children and how it differs from true color blindness.
