Color Vision Deficiency in Children

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of vision screening in young children?

To educate children about vision

To correct all vision conditions

To detect rare vision problems

To identify children with potential vision problems (correct)

Why is color vision testing important in career-related decisions?

It helps in making personal decisions

It is crucial for certain career paths (correct)

It has no impact on career choices

It is only important for children

What type of shapes are used in the 'Color Vision Testing Made Easy' test?

Numbers and letters

Common shapes like dog, balloon, car, and boat (correct)

Symbols like squares, circles, and stars

All of the above

What is the most commonly used test for color vision?

Ishihara test Signup and view all the answers

What should be the approach when a child is found to have color vision issues?

Discuss the results with the child's parent(s) Signup and view all the answers

Why should color vision testing be included in every child's routine exam?

Because it is a common condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the 'Color Vision Testing Made Easy' test?

It is simple, quick, and easy Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of the Ishihara test plates?

They are made up of multicolored dots Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of people with color vision deficiency?

They are unable to see colors clearly and accurately. Signup and view all the answers

What can cause color vision deficiency?

Both acquired and inherited factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of boys with congenital color vision defects?

8% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of S-cones in the human eye?

To detect green light Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not having any of the three types of cones?

Color vision deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is monochromacy?

A type of color vision deficiency where no color can be seen. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of vision loss in children worldwide is caused by congenital cataract?

10% Signup and view all the answers

Why should you discuss with the child before fitting CL?

To check if the child can wear the lens themselves Signup and view all the answers

How does color vision deficiency affect daily life?

It usually causes no appreciable handicap. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the conditions suitable for CL fitting?

Aphakia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of people who are unaware they have a color deficiency?

They often find out through a color vision test. Signup and view all the answers

Why is good communication necessary before fitting CL?

To understand the child's needs and expectations Signup and view all the answers

What should the parents be advised to do after fitting CL?

To supervise their children and ensure they follow cleaning rules Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fluorescein instillation before fitting CL?

To indicate which patients are more candidate Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to evaluate the child's responsibility before fitting CL?

To determine the child's ability to care for the lens Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of fitting CL in children?

To correct refractive error Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of vision screening programs?

Untrained personnel conducting the screening Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that can affect vision screening test results?

Testing distances Signup and view all the answers

At what age can children be fit with contact lenses?

Children of any age Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of contact lenses for children?

Children report better vision-related quality of life Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of many vision screenings?

They test only for distance visual acuity Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about children and contact lenses?

Children are just as capable at looking after their contact lenses as an adult Signup and view all the answers

What is the first choice of vision correction for children?

Glasses Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the equipment used in vision screenings?

The equipment is limited in its scope of testing Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the ways CL can be used in the treatment of amblyopia?

Using high plus lenses Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using CL in children with refractive errors?

They provide better peripheral vision Signup and view all the answers

Why may CL be preferred over glasses for some children?

Some parents may experience difficulty keeping glasses on their child's face Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of fitting CL under anesthesia?

It may have side effects from general anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative to keratometry in fitting CL without anesthesia?

Handheld auto keratometry Signup and view all the answers

What is a key step in the follow-up of CL fitting in children?

Making sure the child/parents are compliance to CL care Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition where CL may be preferred over glasses?

Craniofacial abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of refractive error where CL may be used?

Anisometropia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Color Vision in Children

Color vision deficiency, also known as color blindness, is a condition where people are unable to see colors clearly and accurately.
True color blindness, where no color can be seen at all, is rare.
People with color vision deficiency may have difficulty identifying pale colors or deep colors if the lighting is poor.
Color vision deficiency can be acquired or inherited.
The severity of color vision deficiency can vary depending on the cause, and some people may not be aware they have a color deficiency until they have a color vision test.

How Common is Color Vision Deficiency?

Congenital color vision defects are present in around 8% of boys and around 0.5% of girls.

Cones in the Retina

The human eye contains three different types of cones: S-cones (green), M-cones (blue), and L-cones (red).
The absence of any of the three types of cones is what accounts for different types of color deficiency.

Color Vision Deficiency Types

Monochromacy is a type of color deficiency where no cones are available, resulting in total color blindness, similar to watching a black and white television.

Diagnostic Tests

The Ishihara test is the most commonly used test to diagnose color vision deficiency.
The test uses plates made up of multicolored dots, each showing either a number or a path.
Color Vision Testing Made Easy is a test that uses common shapes such as a dog, balloon, car, and boat, and symbols such as squares, circles, and stars, to make it simple and easy for children to take.

Final Notes

There are other tests that can be used to diagnose color vision deficiency.
Any color vision issues detected should first be discussed with the child's parent(s) and not with the child.
Color vision testing should be included in every child's routine exam as it is very common to have color deficiency.

Vision Screening in Young Children

Vision screening is a systematic approach to identifying children with potential vision problems.
The focus is on detecting conditions that are commonly occurring and can be easily corrected.

Why Screen Children's Vision?

Request for vision examination results is important.

Limitations of Vision Screening Program

Limited testing: many vision screenings only test for distance visual acuity, which does not give any indication of how well the eyes focus up close or work together.
Untrained personnel: often a vision screening is conducted by administrative personnel or volunteers who have little training.
Inadequate testing equipment: the scope of vision screening may be limited by the type of testing equipment available.

Contact Lenses in Children

Children younger than 12 years of age report better vision-related quality of life when wearing contact lenses compared to glasses.
Children of any age can be fit with contact lenses.
Children are just as capable of looking after their contact lenses as adults.

General Considerations

Before fitting a child with contact lenses, discuss why they want to wear lenses and who wants the CL, parents or the child.
Ensure the child can wear or at least remove the lenses themselves.
Do a full eye examination prior to fitting CL to indicate which patients are more suitable candidates.

Who Would You Fit?

Conditions suitable for CL fitting include aphakia, corneal trauma, cosmetic, therapeutic, amblyopia, and refractive error.

Aphakia

Congenital cataract is responsible for nearly 10% of all vision loss in children worldwide.
Congenital cataract is one of the most common treatable causes of visual impairment and blindness during infancy.

Amblyopia

CL may be used in the treatment of amblyopia in two different ways: high plus lenses and black occlusion soft CL.
In low to moderate amblyopia.

Refractive Errors

May prefer to use CL for correction of refractive errors.
Alternative to glasses.
In myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia.

Fitting

Fitting procedure can be done under anesthesia or without anesthesia.
Fitting under anesthesia is done under general anesthesia and is the easiest way to be fitted and evaluated.
Fitting without anesthesia is preferable but needs patience and requires handheld auto keratometry and retinoscope.

Follow Up

Make sure the child/parents are compliant with CL care.
Ensure the lens is fitted well.
Evaluate ocular health.

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Description

Learn about color vision deficiency, its effects on people, and how it differs from true color blindness. Understand the challenges people with color vision deficiency face in identifying colors.