Colonial Gender Roles and Sexuality

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'lesbian' refer to?

Women who are attracted to women (correct)

Men who are attracted to men

Women who are attracted to men

Men who are attracted to women

Who is associated with the oldest use of the term 'lesbian'?

Karl Heinrich Ulrichs

Sigmund Freud

Virginia Woolf

Sappho of Lesbos (correct)

What term did Karl Heinrich Ulrichs coin to refer to men attracted to other men?

Gay

Queer

Urning (correct)

Homosexual

Which of the following associated the term 'gay' with men's attraction to other men?

Karl Heinrich Ulrichs Signup and view all the answers

During which period did the concept of 'gay' gain recognition?

19th Century Signup and view all the answers

What term did Karl Marx use to describe religion?

The opium of the masses Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Sappho's contributions to the understanding of same-gender relationships?

Writing about same-gender passion Signup and view all the answers

How does Max Weber view the potential of religion in society?

It can act as a catalyst for social transformation Signup and view all the answers

Which belief system emphasizes ancestor worship?

Animism Signup and view all the answers

What did Ulrichs claim about the Urnings?

They constitute a special class of human gender Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a correlate of religious affiliation?

Dietary habits Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by the belief in a single god?

Monotheism Signup and view all the answers

What event is commemorated with 'Pride Day' on June 28?

The Stonewall Inn riot Signup and view all the answers

What role did the babaylan serve in pre-colonial Philippine society?

Community leader and spiritual healer Signup and view all the answers

Which practice ceased with the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the Philippines?

Gender crossing rituals Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary response of the patrons at the Stonewall Inn during the police raid?

They fought back against the police. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Q' in Q+ represent within the LGBTQ+ community?

Queer or questioning Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant consequence of the prosecution against the LGBTQ+ community?

Rise in social movements for LGBTQ+ rights Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events occurred on June 28, 1969?

The Stonewall Inn riot Signup and view all the answers

What was the societal status of LGBTQ+ individuals during the time of the Stonewall Inn riots?

Being part of the LGBTQ+ community was illegal. Signup and view all the answers

What concept did the Spanish introduce during their colonization that affected indigenous gender roles?

Patriarchy Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was founded by Justo Justo in the 1970s for the LGBTQIA+ community?

Home for the Golden Gays Signup and view all the answers

What issue did the underground organization MAKIBAKA address in its position paper?

Sexual orientation issues Signup and view all the answers

What significant event did the 1994 Pride March in the Philippines commemorate?

The Stonewall Riots Signup and view all the answers

In which decade did the lesbian community begin to fight for more visibility and recognition?

1980s-1990s Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the concept introduced by the Spanish that promoted traditional male dominance?

Machismo Signup and view all the answers

Which LGBTQIA+ organization is known for its national democratic stance in the Philippines?

ProGay Signup and view all the answers

What trend did colonial American education reinforce regarding gender and sexuality?

Western gender roles and sexuality Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the terms 'homosexuality', 'bisexuality', and 'heterosexual'?

Kertbeny Signup and view all the answers

What was Kertbeny's main argument in his open letter to the Prussian minister of justice?

Same-gender attraction was inborn. Signup and view all the answers

In the late 1960s, what term did activists reclaim?

Gay Signup and view all the answers

What does 'queer' refer to in the context of LGBTQ+?

People who are questioning their gender and sexual identity. Signup and view all the answers

When did the term 'queer' gain more prominence in the gay rights movement?

1990s Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the decision of the Prussian government to contemplate adding language against male same-gender sexual activity?

Kertbeny's letter Signup and view all the answers

What was a common theme regarding same-gender attraction and sexual activity throughout the 20th century?

It was often outlawed and considered shameful. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Q' in LGBTQ+ stand for?

Both A and D Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Ethnicity, Nationality, and Language

Focus on concepts defining identity in relation to culture, society, and politics.

SOGIE: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression

SOGIE encompasses sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression, crucial in understanding diverse identities.

Identity Evolution

Lesbian (L in LGBTQ+)

Lesbian denotes women attracted to women, with roots traced to ancient Greece and the works of Sappho.
Term modernized in the 1890s, first appearing in medical literature on psychology and sexuality.

Gay (G in LGBTQ+)

Gay refers to men attracted to men. Historically significant figures include:
- Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (19th Century): Coined "Urning" for male same-gender attraction, identifying as a third gender.
- Karoly Maria Kertbeny (1869): Coined "homosexuality," arguing that same-gender attraction is innate and challenging societal stigma.

Queer (Q in LGBTQ+)

"Queer" has evolved to include those questioning their gender and sexual identity; its use in LGBTQ+ rights began in the 1990s.
Represents both exploration of identity and inclusivity within the LGBTQ+ spectrum.

Persecution Against the LGBTQ+ Community

History includes public trials, exile, and religious condemnation, fostering lasting homophobia.
Social movements for LGBTQ+ rights began in the late 19th century, targeting unique community issues.

Stonewall Inn Riot

Took place on June 28, 1969, in Greenwich Village, New York City, marking a turning point for LGBTQ+ rights.
The violent police raid led to protests that catalyzed the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement, with June 28 now celebrated as Pride Day.

LGBTQIA+ Community in the Philippines

Pre-Colonial Period

Babaylan and Asog were spiritual leaders with gender-crossing practices before Spanish colonization.
Male Babaylans had freedoms regarding relationships until Spanish influence began in 1521.

Colonial Influence

Spanish colonization imposed patriarchy, leading to the ridicule of gender-crossing practices.

Home for the Golden Gays

Founded in 1975 by activist Justo Justo, serving as a refuge until its closure after his death in 2012.

Lesbian Community's Fight for Visibility

In the 1980s and 1990s, lesbian issues were often subsumed by broader women's and feminist movements but gained recognition and activism efforts over time.

Emergence of LGBTQIA+ Organizations (1990s)

Notable organizations include:
- Can’t Live in the Closet (CLIC)
- Leap! (Lesbian Activism Project, Inc. Philippines)
- ProGay (Progressive Organization of Gays in the Philippines)
- UP Babaylan

Pride Marches in the Philippines

The first Pride March, "Stonewall Manila," occurred in 1994, honoring the 25th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots.
The 1996 Pride March is noted as the first parade with a larger attendance compared to 1994.

Karl Marx on Religion

Defined religion as the “opium of the people," arguing it upholds social inequality benefiting the elite at the expense of the underprivileged.

Max Weber on Religion

Stated that religion can influence societal behavior and serve as a potential catalyst for social change.

Belief Systems

Various religious patterns include:
- Supernaturalism: Belief in non-material forces.
- Animism: Worship of nature spirits and ancestors.
- Theism: Belief in divine entities.
- Polytheism and Monotheism: Belief in multiple or singular deities.

Religion may correlate with social class, political views, economic status, education levels, and attitudes toward social issues, reflecting its societal impact.

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Description

Explore the impact of colonial Spanish and American influences on gender roles and sexuality. This quiz examines the transition from indigenous matriarchy to the patriarchal society introduced by the Spanish, and the subsequent reinforcement of these roles in colonial America.