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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What type of forces are responsible for the attraction between particles?
What type of forces are responsible for the attraction between particles?
- Hydrogen bonding
- Ionic bonding
- Electrostatic forces
- Van der Waals forces (correct)
What physical instability problem arises when solid particles don’t disperse uniformly in a liquid?
What physical instability problem arises when solid particles don’t disperse uniformly in a liquid?
- Non-wetting (correct)
- Sedimentation/Creaming
- Osmosis
- Aggregation/Coalescence
What determines the stability of a suspension?
What determines the stability of a suspension?
- Temperature of the liquid
- Density of the particles
- Size of particles
- Balance of attractive & repulsive interactions (correct)
What leads to the system becoming thermodynamically unstable when particles are dispersed into a liquid?
What leads to the system becoming thermodynamically unstable when particles are dispersed into a liquid?
Which type of system is characterized by particles residing in the primary minimum, having a high zeta potential, and settling slowly?
Which type of system is characterized by particles residing in the primary minimum, having a high zeta potential, and settling slowly?
What effect does the addition of electrolytes and/or polymers have on the zeta potential of particles in solution?
What effect does the addition of electrolytes and/or polymers have on the zeta potential of particles in solution?
What is the sedimentation volume when flocculation equilibrium is reached?
What is the sedimentation volume when flocculation equilibrium is reached?
What does the Stokes Equation describe?
What does the Stokes Equation describe?
What is the relationship between the rate of sedimentation/creaming and particle size according to the Stokes Equation?
What is the relationship between the rate of sedimentation/creaming and particle size according to the Stokes Equation?
What is the limiting condition for the Stokes Equation to apply?
What is the limiting condition for the Stokes Equation to apply?
What happens to the sedimentation volume when an appropriate amount of flocculating agent is added to a deflocculated system?
What happens to the sedimentation volume when an appropriate amount of flocculating agent is added to a deflocculated system?
What is the effect of adding counterions/steric barriers in a flocculated system?
What is the effect of adding counterions/steric barriers in a flocculated system?
What is colloidal stability defined as?
What is colloidal stability defined as?
What type of interactions must be introduced to prevent aggregation?
What type of interactions must be introduced to prevent aggregation?
What does zeta potential measure?
What does zeta potential measure?
What influences the electrical repulsion between particles?
What influences the electrical repulsion between particles?
What plays a critical role in particle stability?
What plays a critical role in particle stability?
What is the purpose of electric and steric repulsive barriers in dispersions?
What is the purpose of electric and steric repulsive barriers in dispersions?
What is the conventional belief about the position of the shear plane?
What is the conventional belief about the position of the shear plane?
What is the role of the potential-determining ion and the counterion?
What is the role of the potential-determining ion and the counterion?
What is the difference between flocculation and aggregation?
What is the difference between flocculation and aggregation?
What is the significance of the zeta potential in dispersed systems?
What is the significance of the zeta potential in dispersed systems?
What tends to happen to particles in a dispersion system if they form agglomerates?
What tends to happen to particles in a dispersion system if they form agglomerates?
What is the key factor in preventing the formation of hard cakes in dispersions?
What is the key factor in preventing the formation of hard cakes in dispersions?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Colloidal Stability and Particle Interactions
- Particles in a dispersion system tend to form agglomerates to decrease surface area, leading to phase separation
- Flocculation occurs due to weak intermolecular forces, while aggregation is driven by stronger forces
- Colloidal stability is defined by the prevention of particle aggregation in dispersions
- To prevent aggregation, repulsive interactions must be introduced to overcome the thermodynamic tendency
- Electric and steric repulsive barriers can prevent the formation of hard cakes in dispersions
- Zeta potential measures the surface potential of particles and is crucial for stability
- Electrical repulsion between particles is influenced by the presence, concentration, and valence of counterions
- The electric double layer, including the Stern plane and shear plane, plays a critical role in particle stability
- Zeta potential is dependent on the amount of absorbed counterions and is measured at the shear plane
- Zeta potential is important for understanding and ensuring the stability of dispersed systems
- The potential-determining ion and the counterion influence the zeta potential
- The exact position of the shear plane is not known, but it is conventionally believed to be close to the Stern plane
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