Collective Action in Sociology

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What is the main difference highlighted between behavior and action?

Behavior has no meaning attached to it while action is meaningful. (correct)

Behavior lacks planning while action is orchestrated.

Behavior is voluntary while action is spontaneous.

Behavior is meaningful while action is reflexive.

How does the text describe the term 'collective action'?

A large number of people voluntarily engaging in planned actions.

A small group of people engaging in institutionalized activities.

Individuals engaging in reflexive and instinctual behavior.

People engaging in emergent and extra institutional action. (correct)

What term do sociologists use to differentiate between behavior and action?

Instinct vs. Reflex

Meaningful vs. Meaningless

Spontaneous vs. Orchestrated

Action vs. Behavior (correct)

What does the text suggest is a key aspect of collective action?

It is voluntary and meaningful. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, why do sociologists differentiate between behavior and action?

To explain the significance of meaning in human actions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the specific strain that led to the Freedom Convoy protests?

COVID-19 vaccination mandates Signup and view all the answers

What is the generalized belief underlying the Freedom Convoy?

Freedom to make personal health choices Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential triggers that can lead to structural strain and mobilization for action?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What action do individuals take based on a belief that unemployment is caused by ethnic immigrants taking jobs?

Call for curtailment of immigration Signup and view all the answers

What was the triggering event for the Freedom Convoy protests according to the text?

Restrictions and vaccination mandates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of alternative social movements?

Altering specific behaviors of individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which social movement aims for a total change of the individual?

Redemptive social movements Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes reformative social movements from revolutionary movements?

Reformative movements target changing specific societal problems Signup and view all the answers

Which movement type seeks to reform only part of society and not the entire social order?

Reformative social movements Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes self-transformative or revolutionary social movements?

They threaten violence as a means of protest Signup and view all the answers

Which movement type targets the totality of the individual for a positive value judgment?

Redemptive social movements Signup and view all the answers

In which type of movement is blowing up the existing system and starting over common?

Self-transformative social movements Signup and view all the answers

Which movement category focuses on correcting specific societal problems rather than changing the entire society?

'Reformative' social movements Signup and view all the answers

What sets revolutionary movements apart from reformative ones?

Revolutionary movements want to blow up and replace the existing system. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes social movements from coups d'etat, rebellions, and terrorism?

Social movements lead to transformative societal changes while the others do not. Signup and view all the answers

How does a rebellion typically differ from a social movement?

Rebellions aim for minor changes within the existing system, unlike social movements. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text mention that terrorism is considered unlawful use of physical force?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What did Peter Ustinov suggest about terrorism and war?

Terrorism and war are both forms of physical force and violence. Signup and view all the answers

What must exist before a collective action can emerge based on the text?

Structural conduciveness and strain must be present. Signup and view all the answers

In what way do structural contradictions contribute to the emergence of collective action?

They intensify conflicts between different groups in society. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between structural strain and collective action?

Structural strain can be a precursor to collective action. Signup and view all the answers

How did the text define a coup d'etat in relation to social movements?

A coup d'etat focuses on minor adjustments within the power structure. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes collective action from other forms of political activism?

Collective action is emotional and non-institutional as per the text. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes flash mobs from collective action?

Flash mobs are carefully orchestrated to appear spontaneous. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of collective action according to the text?

It lacks established rules and norms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a dominant emotion associated with collective action mentioned in the text?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why is collective action considered extra-institutional according to the text?

It lacks any involvement from social institutions. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of situations are characteristic of collective action?

Ambiguous situations with no clear regulation Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates proactive social movements from reactive ones?

Proactive movements seek change while reactive movements resist change. Signup and view all the answers

What makes flash mobs distinct from other forms of temporary interaction?

Flash mobs involve extended planning and organizing. Signup and view all the answers

How does collective action differ from routine behavior, according to the text?

It lacks defined leadership and organization. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does collective action defy social norms and regulations?

By allowing for a wide range of behaviors outside normative boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of propaganda, as described in the text?

It is intentionally used to influence beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What does pop propaganda primarily involve?

Influencing beliefs and actions through mass media. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the role of media in mass communication?

Media publicize events and demonstrate techniques of mass action. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text highlight the power of media during the Cold War?

Government control of televisions allowed for influence over citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What term does the text use to describe the deliberate use of mass media to influence beliefs, opinions, and actions?

Propaganda Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a crowd from a public based on the text?

Crowds are physically present and proximate while publics are dispersed and not localized Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a crowd from a public opinion based on the text?

Crowds are small, temporary gatherings, while public opinion represents the entire society's view Signup and view all the answers

What sets crowds apart from mass hysteria according to the text?

Crowds involve physically present localized gatherings while mass hysteria occurs without physical proximity Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of crowds?

Crowds are large temporary gatherings with a common focus of attention or interests Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what characterizes an acting crowd?

Single-minded purposeful activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the contagion theory of crowd action?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates convergence theory from contagion theory?

Safety in numbers and anonymity in crowds. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates protest crowds from casual crowds?

The organized advocacy or protest for a cause Signup and view all the answers

Why do participants in a crowd feel a sense of anonymity and safety in numbers?

To avoid being identified and held responsible for their actions. Signup and view all the answers

How do conventional crowds differ from expressive crowds?

The level of emotional expression Signup and view all the answers

What underlying factor contributes to convergence theory according to the text?

Preexisting impulses that converge in a crowd. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text explain the behavior of individuals who join street riots?

They act out preexisting violent desires in a group setting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a protest crowd?

The organized advocacy or protest for a cause Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, how do casual crowds differ from conventional crowds?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

Why do some individuals participate in protests without actually supporting the cause?

'Safety of numbers' allows them to be violent without repercussions. Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals feel empowered to act on secret wishes within a group setting?

Safety and anonymity allow them to avoid personal accountability. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Emergent Norm Theory in the context of collective behavior?

Norms that emerge on the spot Signup and view all the answers

In the Emergent Norm Theory, who influences the creation of norms in a crowd?

The vocal minority Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes rumors from gossip?

Personal affairs Signup and view all the answers

What role does social media play in the evolution of rumors?

Both A and C Signup and view all the answers

How does public opinion influence decision makers according to the text?

Public opinion can sway decision makers Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the creation of norms in ambiguous situations based on Emergent Norm Theory?

Fast and haphazard negotiation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to sustaining a rumor according to the text?

Interest in the subject matter Signup and view all the answers

How do people typically react to vocalized opinions in a crowd setting based on Emergent Norm Theory?

Express agreement openly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of measuring public opinion as outlined in the text?

To understand prevailing sentiments Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates social movements from collective action?

Social movements are more goal-oriented and longer-lasting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the March for our Lives movement mentioned in the text?

To prevent gun violence through legislation. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes social movements like the MeToo movement from collective actions?

They have a broader scope and are more long-term. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do social movements, social activism, and social justice have in common?

They seek to bring about positive societal change and address issues of inequality. Signup and view all the answers

How do social movements differ from emergent ambivalence as per the text?

Emergent ambivalence is short-lived and lacks clear goals, whereas social movements are more enduring and goal-oriented. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inner core in a social movement?

Setting goals and strategies Signup and view all the answers

Who primarily constitutes the less committed circle in a social movement?

Individuals who participate only when convenient Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the sympathetic public in a social movement?

Agreeing with the goals but not taking action Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals in the hostile public typically react to a social movement?

Try to stop and resist the movement Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the indifferent public from the sympathetic public in a social movement?

Is ignorant about the cause Signup and view all the answers

Which group represents individuals who are completely unaware of a social movement's existence?

Unaware public Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that sets social movements apart from crowds?

They are one-sided and goal-directed. Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes social movements' stance towards the status quo?

Rebellious Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes proactive social movements from reactive ones?

Their focus on promoting change Signup and view all the answers

What fuels the sustainability of social movements?

Popular discontent and grievance Signup and view all the answers

How do social movements differ from crowds in terms of duration?

Crowds are temporary while social movements are longer-lasting. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes Naomi Klein an exemplar of a social activist according to the text?

Her high-profile status and published works Signup and view all the answers

In what way do social movements express dissent towards the status quo?

By withdrawing consent for current conditions Signup and view all the answers

What sets social movements apart from publics on specific issues?

'Publics' support both sides equally. Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the primary goal of a social movement?

'Goal-directed' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of social movements in society?

To mediate and involve individuals in society Signup and view all the answers

How does the text define the concept of mediation in relation to social movements?

As a means of involving individuals in larger society Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes social movements from personal troubles, according to the text?

Social problems are viewed as collective issues, not just individual concerns Signup and view all the answers

In what way do social movements contribute to social change?

By transforming culture, social institutions, and patterns of social organization Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the role of social movements in raising collective awareness?

By clarifying collective consciousness and bringing awareness to social problems Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between generational perspectives on gender language use discussed in the text?

Evolution from gender exclusive to gender inclusive language Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions that the environmental movement must consider according to the text?

Affecting environmental policy and forming an environmental party like The Green Party Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes social movements from the collective action of crowds, according to the text?

Social movements have clear goals and rational strategies. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of modernity and postmodernity, what is a key difference between these two concepts?

Modernity focuses on power dynamics, while postmodernity emphasizes progress. Signup and view all the answers

How do social movements interact with their social environment, as described in the text?

They are influenced by and affect their social environment. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a rebellion from a social movement, according to the text?

Rebellions involve violent overthrowing of power, while social movements seek peaceful reform. Signup and view all the answers

How do modern social movements differ from pre-modern movements?

Modern movements believe in reshaping society, while pre-modern movements accepted the status quo. Signup and view all the answers

What role does progress play in shaping modern social movements?

Progress fuels the belief that societal change is achievable through activism. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes state-sanctioned force from terrorism according to the text?

State-sanctioned force is always lawful, while terrorism is unlawful. Signup and view all the answers

How do labor movements interact with their surrounding social environment?

Labor movements influence and are influenced by their social environment. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Battle of Seattle protests against the World Trade Organization?

The protests highlighted concerns over exploitative practices by the World Trade Organization. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes redemptive social movements from alternative social movements?

Redemptive movements seek total change of individuals, while alternative movements seek partial change. Signup and view all the answers

How do reformative social movements differ from transformative social movements?

Reformative movements work step by step within the system, while transformative movements aim to overthrow the system. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes revolutionary social movements from reformative social movements?

Revolutionary movements want to completely transform society by starting over, while reformative movements work within the existing system. Signup and view all the answers

How do redemptive and transformative social movements differ in their scope?

Redemptive movements focus on individuals, while transformative movements focus on society as a whole. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the slave abolition movement led by William Wilberforce?

To bring about rational social change Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of social movements in terms of recruiting members?

Rational motivations of individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the factors that primarily influences recruitment into social movements?

Psychological motivations of the individual Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the participants of social movements regarding their rationality?

As rational individuals seeking social change Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes the attitude towards knowledge within the context of social movements as per the text?

"You may choose to ignore what you learn, but you can never say you did not know." Signup and view all the answers

What type of deprivation is characterized by living without hope and passivity?

Absolute deprivation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social movements, what motivates individuals experiencing relative deprivation?

Expectations of success Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes a situation where both expectation and reality initially match, but reality deteriorates while expectations remain the same?

Condition A Signup and view all the answers

What type of incentives are praise, gratitude, and social involvement examples of in the context of social movements?

Collective incentives Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals experiencing relative deprivation tend to be more active compared to those in absolute deprivation?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

'Hopelessness leads to passivity.' Which type of deprivation aligns with this statement?

'Absolute deprivation' Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental difference between absolute and relative deprivation according to the text?

'Objective vs. Subjective' Signup and view all the answers

Why do advantaged individuals join social movements according to the text?

Because they have hope, resources, and influence to support their participation. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor serves as an information pipeline and recruits new participants to social movements?

Social networks Signup and view all the answers

Why might sexually trafficked individuals not actively participate in social movements according to the text?

They lack the resources and security to speak up. Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary but not sufficient condition for individuals to join social movements according to the text?

Relative deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates advantaged individuals from disadvantaged individuals in terms of joining social movements?

Advantaged individuals possess hope and influence required for movement participation. Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary reason why people with extreme grievances like absolute deprivation are less likely to participate in social movements?

They are often too vulnerable or powerless to protest. Signup and view all the answers

Why do socially advantaged individuals find it easier to join social movements according to the text?

Because they already possess the resources necessary for participation. Signup and view all the answers

What factor plays a crucial role in recruiting new participants to social movements?

Social networks Signup and view all the answers

Why do socially advantaged individuals find it easier to join social movements?

Because they possess hope, resources, and influence required for participation. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges that social movements face due to the presence of diverse organizations within the same cause?

Competing for public support Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social movements, what is a potential consequence of routinization?

Slowing down growth and success Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a crucial consideration for social movements after they achieve their goals?

Redirecting energies or morphing into something else Signup and view all the answers

Why does having diverse strategies among organizations pursuing the same goal pose a problem for social movements?

It can embarrass each other and compete for public support Signup and view all the answers

What tends to happen to social movements that have become part of the political landscape and are routinized?

They are no longer considered social movements Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible outcome of diverse organizations within a cause embarrassing each other?

Competing for public support and undermining the cause Signup and view all the answers

How does routinization affect the core spirit of social movements?

The core spirit wanes over time Signup and view all the answers

In what way does a social movement's continued existence after goal achievement benefit them?

Opportunities to redirect energies or morph into something else are preserved Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a social movement that fails to adapt after achieving its goals according to the text?

It faces stagnation or decline in relevance Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy does the text recommend for social movements to effectively engage the public?

Demonstrating alignment with existing societal values Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of successful social movements according to the text?

Being negotiable and open to discussion Signup and view all the answers

How did early feminists support slave abolitionists in the 19th century as mentioned in the text?

By believing that supporting abolition would eventually benefit women as well Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing factor of successful social movements according to the text?

Stating the case positively instead of negatively Signup and view all the answers

What impact do negotiable demands have on social movements based on the text?

They increase the chances of reaching successful outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text recommend avoiding large-scale movements that may be perceived as threatening?

To maintain effectiveness without overwhelming the public Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest as a compelling way for social movements to gain attention?

Employing new and attention-grabbing techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of applying direct pressure without considering third parties?

Alienating external allies from supporting the cause Signup and view all the answers

How does the text suggest social movements should approach general demands for better outcomes?

Favor concrete and focused demands over general ones Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for social movements to consider neutral third parties according to the text?

To demonstrate benefits even to non-supportive parties Signup and view all the answers

What does slacktivism involve according to the text?

Undertaking low-risk, low-cost activities mainly on social media to feel good about oneself. Signup and view all the answers

How is slacktivism different from real activism as per the text?

Slacktivism is mainly about personal satisfaction without impactful actions. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the commodification of social activism in the text?

Awearness Signup and view all the answers

How does hipster consumerism relate to slacktivism as discussed in the text?

It is sometimes mixed with slacktivism activities like signing petitions. Signup and view all the answers

Why are slacktivists criticized for engaging in feel-good online activism?

For not creating real political or social impact. Signup and view all the answers

In what way has social media facilitated slacktivism as per the text?

By providing a platform for low-risk, low-cost activities for personal satisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of social justice warriors (SJWs) according to the text?

They pursue personal validation rather than true social justice Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of free riders in social movements as discussed in the text?

Passively supporting social movements without active participation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of public goods, what do free riders do?

Benefit without contributing to the shared resource Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a real social activist from a social justice warrior according to the text?

Commitment to tangible change over performative actions Signup and view all the answers

How does performative activism differ from genuine activism according to the text?

Genuine activism is based on true conviction, not personal image Signup and view all the answers

What do performative activists focus on primarily?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

What do real social activists focus on compared to social justice warriors based on the text?

Pursuing tangible change over impression management Signup and view all the answers

Collective Action in Sociology

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the main difference highlighted between behavior and action?

How does the text describe the term 'collective action'?

What term do sociologists use to differentiate between behavior and action?

What does the text suggest is a key aspect of collective action?

In the context of the text, why do sociologists differentiate between behavior and action?

What was the specific strain that led to the Freedom Convoy protests?

What is the generalized belief underlying the Freedom Convoy?

What is one of the potential triggers that can lead to structural strain and mobilization for action?

What action do individuals take based on a belief that unemployment is caused by ethnic immigrants taking jobs?

What was the triggering event for the Freedom Convoy protests according to the text?

What is the primary focus of alternative social movements?

Which social movement aims for a total change of the individual?

What distinguishes reformative social movements from revolutionary movements?

Which movement type seeks to reform only part of society and not the entire social order?

What characterizes self-transformative or revolutionary social movements?

Which movement type targets the totality of the individual for a positive value judgment?

In which type of movement is blowing up the existing system and starting over common?

Which movement category focuses on correcting specific societal problems rather than changing the entire society?

What sets revolutionary movements apart from reformative ones?

What distinguishes social movements from coups d'etat, rebellions, and terrorism?

How does a rebellion typically differ from a social movement?

Why does the text mention that terrorism is considered unlawful use of physical force?

What did Peter Ustinov suggest about terrorism and war?

What must exist before a collective action can emerge based on the text?

In what way do structural contradictions contribute to the emergence of collective action?

Which statement best describes the relationship between structural strain and collective action?

How did the text define a coup d'etat in relation to social movements?

What distinguishes collective action from other forms of political activism?

What distinguishes flash mobs from collective action?

What is a characteristic of collective action according to the text?

What is a dominant emotion associated with collective action mentioned in the text?

Why is collective action considered extra-institutional according to the text?

What kind of situations are characteristic of collective action?

What differentiates proactive social movements from reactive ones?

What makes flash mobs distinct from other forms of temporary interaction?

How does collective action differ from routine behavior, according to the text?

In what way does collective action defy social norms and regulations?

What is a defining characteristic of propaganda, as described in the text?

What does pop propaganda primarily involve?

How does the text describe the role of media in mass communication?

In what way does the text highlight the power of media during the Cold War?

What term does the text use to describe the deliberate use of mass media to influence beliefs, opinions, and actions?

What differentiates a crowd from a public based on the text?

What distinguishes a crowd from a public opinion based on the text?

What sets crowds apart from mass hysteria according to the text?

What is a defining characteristic of crowds?

In the context of the text, what characterizes an acting crowd?

What is the main focus of the contagion theory of crowd action?

What differentiates convergence theory from contagion theory?

What differentiates protest crowds from casual crowds?

Why do participants in a crowd feel a sense of anonymity and safety in numbers?

How do conventional crowds differ from expressive crowds?

What underlying factor contributes to convergence theory according to the text?

How does the text explain the behavior of individuals who join street riots?

What is the defining characteristic of a protest crowd?

In the context of the text, how do casual crowds differ from conventional crowds?

Why do some individuals participate in protests without actually supporting the cause?

Why do individuals feel empowered to act on secret wishes within a group setting?

What is the focus of Emergent Norm Theory in the context of collective behavior?

In the Emergent Norm Theory, who influences the creation of norms in a crowd?

What distinguishes rumors from gossip?

What role does social media play in the evolution of rumors?

How does public opinion influence decision makers according to the text?

What characterizes the creation of norms in ambiguous situations based on Emergent Norm Theory?

Which factor contributes to sustaining a rumor according to the text?

How do people typically react to vocalized opinions in a crowd setting based on Emergent Norm Theory?

What is the primary purpose of measuring public opinion as outlined in the text?

What differentiates social movements from collective action?

What is the primary goal of the March for our Lives movement mentioned in the text?

Which characteristic distinguishes social movements like the MeToo movement from collective actions?

What aspect do social movements, social activism, and social justice have in common?

How do social movements differ from emergent ambivalence as per the text?

What is the role of the inner core in a social movement?

Who primarily constitutes the less committed circle in a social movement?

What is the main characteristic of the sympathetic public in a social movement?

How do individuals in the hostile public typically react to a social movement?

What differentiates the indifferent public from the sympathetic public in a social movement?