42 Questions
What percentage of the human body's proteins is composed of collagen?
25%
What is the characteristic of the repetitive amino acid sequence in collagen?
Gly-X-Y every third residue
What is the function of hydroxyproline in collagen?
Contributes to H-bonding between α-chains
What is the characteristic of the α-chains in collagen?
Left-handed helix with 3.3 residues per turn
What is the molecular weight of the collagen triple helix?
300 kDa
What is the characteristic of the collagen triple helix?
A tightly packed, right-handed superhelix
What is the primary function of elastin in connective tissue?
Enabling extensibility and elastic recoil
Which of the following is NOT a type of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)?
Keratin
What is the primary function of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
Enabling cell adhesion and migration
Which of the following proteoglycans is NOT typically found in the ECM?
Serglycin
What is the primary function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the ECM?
Regulating ECM degradation
Which of the following diseases is associated with defects in collagen biosynthesis?
Osteogenesis imperfecta
What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid in the ECM?
Attracting water by osmotic pressure
Which of the following is a characteristic of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?
They are unbranched polysaccharides
What is the primary function of integrins in the ECM?
Enabling cell adhesion and signaling
Which of the following is a consequence of defects in GAG degradation?
Mucopolysaccharidoses
What is a consequence of MMPs destroying the ECM?
Release of bound growth factors
What is the purpose of coordinated expression of MMPs and TIMPs?
To facilitate appropriate growth and cell movement
How do MMPs contribute to cancer cell metastasis?
By facilitating ECM remodeling and allowing cells to spread
What is the role of TIMPs in regulating MMP activity?
To inhibit MMP activity
What is a consequence of dysregulation of MMP activity and TIMP expression?
Development of certain clinical disorders, such as cancer and atherosclerosis
What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?
To form a scaffold for cell attachment and signaling
What is the characteristic of the ECM in terms of its composition?
It varies in tissues depending on their functions
What is the function of the ECM in terms of the movement of cells and molecules?
To prevent the movement of cells and molecules
What is the characteristic of the adhesion proteins fibronectin and laminin?
They are non-fibrous proteins
What is the primary function of the ECM in terms of organ protection?
To protect organs from mechanical damage
What is the primary mechanism by which MMPs are regulated?
All of the above
What is the characteristic of the ECM in terms of its structure?
It is a porous structure
What is the consequence of dysregulation of MMP activity and TIMP expression?
Facilitation of certain clinical disorders
What is the role of MMPs in cell movement within the ECM?
To facilitate cell movement by remodeling the ECM
What is the consequence of ECM destruction by MMPs?
Release of bound growth factors
What is the requirement for appropriate growth and cell movement?
Coordinated expression of MMPs and TIMPs
What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix?
To attract and bind water, contributing to tissue turgor
What is the characteristic of hyaluronic acid in the ECM?
It is a large, unbranched polysaccharide
Which of the following GAGs is typically found in cartilage and bone?
Chondroitin sulfate
What is the consequence of defects in GAG degradation?
Mucopolysaccharidoses
What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the ECM?
To determine ECM structure and function
Which of the following is a characteristic of proteoglycans?
They are found in all tissues
What is the role of proteoglycans in cell signaling and behavior?
They regulate cell signaling and behavior
What is the consequence of defects in proteoglycan synthesis?
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Which of the following is a type of proteoglycan?
Serglycin
What is the role of glycosaminoglycans in determining ECM structure and function?
They attract and bind water, contributing to tissue turgor
Learn about the synthesis and post-translational modification of collagen, including the role of prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases, glycosylation, and the importance of vitamin C. Understand the process of collagen formation and its significance in biological systems.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
