Cognitive Theory and Language Development
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Questions and Answers

According to William James, how did he describe the world of a newborn on the auditory level?

  • Silent and chaotic
  • Blooming, buzzing confusion (correct)
  • Quiet and structured
  • Perfectly clear
  • Which term describes a person proficient in three or more languages?

  • Multilingual
  • Minimal Multilingual
  • Polyglot (correct)
  • Maximal Multilingual
  • What processing occurs in the cochlea and auditory nerve related to pitch and intensity?

  • Signal blocking
  • Extensive preprocessing (correct)
  • Sound amplification
  • Signal interpretation
  • What ability do human infants possess at birth to differentiate sounds like /p/ and /b/?

    <p>Contrast perception in sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the evidence suggest regarding early perceptual abilities in infants as they start to acquire native language distinctions?

    <p>They are lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy is used to describe the infant's capacity to record and store sequences of auditory events?

    <p>Tape recorder in the brain's auditory cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of Cognitive Theory on language development?

    <p>Children must go through stages of cognitive development before language development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Jean Piaget, why do children have to move through stages of language learning?

    <p>To develop their cognitive processes and brains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theorist proposed the concept of a critical period for language learning?

    <p>Eric Lenneberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is associated with 'Imitation Theory' in language development?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study of child language acquisition, what does 'First-language acquisition' refer to?

    <p>Acquiring a native language in childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Cognitive Theory contrast with Behavioural Theory in terms of language development?

    <p>Cognitive Theory emphasizes understanding concepts before language development, whereas Behavioural Theory focuses on imitation and modifying behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multilingualism

    • A person who can communicate effectively in three or more languages, whether in writing, speaking, or singing, is considered a multilingual or polyglot.
    • Maximal multilinguals are speakers who are equally proficient in two or more languages.
    • Minimal multilinguals are speakers who can convey their message successfully, even if they are not fluent in the second or third language.

    Phases in Language Development

    • Newborns' auditory world is remarkably well structured, with the cochlea and auditory nerve providing extensive preprocessing of signals for pitch and intensity.
    • Human infants are specifically adapted at birth to perceive contrasts in sounds, such as /p/ and /b/.
    • Research suggests that much of the basic structure of the infant's auditory world can be attributed to fundamental processes in the mammalian ear.
    • Infants have a remarkable capacity to record and store sequences of auditory events, as if they have a "tape recorder" in the brain's auditory cortex.

    Cognitive Theory

    • Cognitive theory proposes that children go through stages of language development.
    • According to Jean Piaget, children must understand certain concepts before they can produce language to describe them.
    • Eric Lenneberg's theory suggests that there is a critical period between two years old and puberty in which children need to learn language, otherwise, it cannot be learned sufficiently well.

    Behavioural Theory (Imitation Theory)

    • Behavioural theory, also known as 'Imitation Theory', suggests that people are a product of their environment.
    • According to BF Skinner, children 'imitate' their caregivers and modify their language use through operant conditioning, where they are rewarded for desired behaviour and punished for undesired behaviour.

    Language Acquisition

    • Language acquisition is the study of the processes by which children learn a language.
    • The study involves three main areas: first-language acquisition (native language), bilingual language acquisition (learning two native languages), and other language acquisition.
    • Children begin to understand and use language at a very young age, influenced by their caregivers.

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    Description

    Explore the key concepts of cognitive theory and its relationship to children's language development. Learn about Jean Piaget's stages of language learning and Eric Lenneberg's critical period theory.

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