377 Questions
What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviourism
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Scientific study of the mind and mental activity
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
Computer science and artificial intelligence
What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory a trigger for?
'Cognitive revolution'
What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?
The analysis of how the environment provides vital information for survival
What was the shift in focus when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
From reinforcement and stimulus control to the mental mechanisms enabling self-control
What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Cultural differences in information processing
What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?
The preparedness of humans for cognitive and skill development
What did researchers investigate when working with a variety of animal species?
Social communication and diverse social behaviors
What did research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology examine?
People's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities in coping with health threats
What was the primary focus of research in relation to memory organization?
How does stored knowledge give rise to activated patterns or networks at a particular time
What were theorists focusing on when making learning theories more social and cognitive?
How a person's characteristics interact with situational opportunities and demands
In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables
What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?
To describe individuals using such terms as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile
What do cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations primarily focus on?
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?
The cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviorism
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
That they are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
What were the triggers for a paradigm shift that became the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's review and concurrent analyses and advances in various fields
What was one of several triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Scientific study of the mind and mental activity
Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?
Visual perception analysis
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively
In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
More social and less cognitive
What is the focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Combining cognitive and behavior therapy
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings
What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Social communication
What did research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology examine?
How people's beliefs help them deal with traumas and threats to their health
What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It requires direct reinforcement for effectiveness
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
The plasticity of the human brain
What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It requires direct reinforcement for effectiveness
What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?
The shift from behaviorism to cognitive science
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviorism
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
They are uniquely prepared for language acquisition and mathematics
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
Computer science and artificial intelligence
What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
The scientific study of the mind and mental activity
What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
How learning occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement
In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behavior'
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self
What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Recognition of plasticity of the human brain and possibilities for change in development
What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?
How to identify and change negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Recognition of plasticity of the human brain and possibilities for change in development
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?
The paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviourism
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
All of the above
What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Targeting negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What was a significant area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Cultural differences in information processing
What did theorists focus on when making learning theories more social and cognitive?
Moving beyond earlier conditioning principles
What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?
The extensive preparation of humans for cognitive and skill development
What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
The review of Skinner's theory by Noam Chomsky
What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Development of self-control and ability to delay gratification in young children
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Such terms as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile
What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?
Treating diverse traumas and threats to health
What did researchers investigate when working with a variety of animal species?
Investigating social communication and diverse social behaviors
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?
It could not properly account for human language acquisition
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviorism
What was a trigger for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
The cognitive revolution
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?
The 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s
What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
The shift in focus when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior
In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Shifting focus from reinforcement and 'stimulus control' to mental mechanisms that enable self-control
What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?
The 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviourism
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
The scientific study of the mind and mental activity
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
The development of cognitive science
Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?
Evolutionary theory
What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?
The cognitive appraisal of the situation and temptations
In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?
Toward observation from real and symbolic models
What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Altruism, aggression, and obedience
What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?
How people's beliefs, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities help them deal with traumas and threats to their health
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings
What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
The effects of subliminal stimuli on mental representations
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?
The trigger for the 'cognitive revolution'
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously without any direct reinforcement
What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Identifying and changing negative thought patterns
What did researchers demonstrate about humans in relation to preparation for cognitive development?
They are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive development
What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?
Recognition of much information processing occurring below awareness
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?
The 'cognitive revolution'
In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Towards a cognitive approach
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns
What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory a trigger for?
The 'cognitive revolution'
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Social cognition - how people process social information about other people and the self
What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
The linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
They are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive and skill development
What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?
How the situation and temptations are cognitively appraised
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
New models of cognitive and affective information-processing systems
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
Understanding memory organization and plasticity of the human brain
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
It showed that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition.
What was a major consequence of the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
The development of cognitive science and the rejection of behaviorism.
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
That they are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities.
What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
The scientific study of the mind and mental activity.
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
That it plays a crucial role in cognitive development.
In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?
Toward integrating social and cognitive factors into learning theories.
What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
The analysis of visual perception and memory organization
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?
The triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'
What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables
What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Identifying and changing maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Attitudes and social-influence processes
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement.
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Distinctive preparation for diverse higher-level mental activities
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
Organisms have innate dispositions for learning through observation
What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns
In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without direct reinforcement
What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?
Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
A trigger for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'
What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?
The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
'Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression'
Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?
The analysis of visual perception taking increasing account of environmental features
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Understanding the influence of people's dispositions on their dealings with different types of situations
What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?
How people's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities may help them cope with diverse traumas and threats to their health
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
The inability of Skinner's theory to properly account for human language acquisition
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
All of the above
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
All of the above
What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Development and testing of diverse theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations
What was a major focus of the researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Studying animal communication and social behaviors
What was a significant focus of researchers in investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Learning through observation from real and symbolic models
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
Altruism, aggression, and obedience
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?
Visual perception
What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Perceptual, cognitive, and numerical abilities of infants
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Human brains are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive and skill development
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
'Self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression'
'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?
'Cognitive therapy'
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory trigger?
A paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s.
What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?
The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables.
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
It showed that Skinner's approach could not properly account for human language acquisition
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It can significantly influence learning behavior
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
The investigation of personality, individual differences, and social behavior
What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Treating diverse problems such as anxiety, depression, and phobias
What is the focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs
What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
The influence of people's dispositions and characteristics on their dealings with different types of situations and experiences
What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?
Describing individuals and types using broad trait ratings
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
The limitations of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Towards more social and cognitive learning theories
What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?
The cognitive appraisal of situations and temptations
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
Understanding psychological mechanisms underlying self-control.
What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Perceptual, cognitive, and numerical abilities of infants.
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 demonstrate?
The inability of Skinner's theory to properly account for human language acquisition
What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?
The foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
The dominance of behaviorism as a psychological perspective
What did the analysis of visual perception increasingly take into account?
How the features of the environment provide vital information for survival
In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?
They moved beyond the earlier conditioning and reward-and-punishment principles
What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Altruism, aggression, and obedience
What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?
The development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
It revealed that the theory couldn't properly account for human language acquisition.
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that became the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What was the primary focus of research in relation to memory organization?
Analysis and advances in computer science and artificial intelligence
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
They demonstrated that human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities.
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues
In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Toward a more cognitive and social perspective
What did the cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) focus on?
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 a trigger for?
The 'cognitive revolution'
What was a major focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Analyzing the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival
Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?
Visual perception
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
That there is evidence for the plasticity of the human brain
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Evidence for the plasticity of the human brain
What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
The influence of people's dispositions and characteristics on their dealings with different types of situations and experiences
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Attitudes and social-influence processes
What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?
How people's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities may help them deal with diverse traumas and threats to their health
What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?
How the situation and temptations are cognitively appraised
What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviourism
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?
The development of cognitive science
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Anxiety, depression, and phobias
What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?
How the features of the environment provide vital information for the organism's survival
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement
What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?
Describing individuals and types using broad trait ratings
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Anxiety disorders and panic attacks
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?
The limitations of Skinner's theory in understanding human cognition
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Trauma recovery and grief counseling
What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?
The effects of subliminal stimuli on mental representations, emotions, and social behaviors
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
The limitations of Skinner's theory in understanding human cognition
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
Infant cognition and developmental psychology
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 demonstrate?
It showed that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition.
What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Behaviorist principles
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
They showed that human brains are distinctly prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities.
Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?
Evolutionary psychology
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
All of the above
What was the focus of the analysis of visual perception over time?
How the features of the environment provide vital information for survival
What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile
In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Moving away from reward-and-punishment principles towards cognitive social variables
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
It showed that Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' was inadequate for explaining human language acquisition.
What was one of the major triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Developing theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
The evolution of new psychological science in the 21st century
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Organisms have innate dispositions and human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities.
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Treating anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse
What was a focus of research and theory building in the analysis of visual perception?
How the features of the environment provide vital information
What did research demonstrate about the importance of learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement
What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self
What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT focus on?
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
The importance of reinforcement in learning
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile
In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Towards understanding cognitive appraisal and situational opportunities and demands
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Distinctive preparation for diverse higher-level mental activities
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviorism
What was a major consequence of the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Development of cognitive science
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Applications of evolutionary theory
What did cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations focus on?
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
What was one of the major focuses of social psychology in the early 1970s?
Cultural differences in information processing
In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?
Activation of diverse kinds of mental representations
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' reveal?
Substantial flaws in Skinner's theory
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement
What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
'Mental mechanisms that enable self-control'
What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?
How features of the environment provide vital information for survival
In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive
'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?
Social cognition and health psychology
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings like introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?
The extensive preparedness for cognitive and skill development in humans
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
It showed the inadequacy of Skinner's theory to explain human language acquisition
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critique of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did researchers demonstrate about human brains?
They possess innate dispositions for diverse higher-level mental activities
In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?
All of the above
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT focus on?
Changing how people think and feel about themselves and others
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT primarily focus on?
Changing negative thought patterns and behaviors
What did cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations focus on?
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns
In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Making learning theories more social and cognitive
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile
What was one of the significant focuses of social psychology in the early 1970s?
Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?
How the situation and the temptations are cognitively appraised
'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?
Earlier conditioning and reward-and-punishment principles
'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?
Personality, individual differences, and social behavior
'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?
'Evolving new psychological science in the 21st century'
'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?
'Stimulus control' to focus on the mental mechanisms that enable self-control
'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?
'Developmental psychology', 'social cognition', and 'health psychology'
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self.
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement.
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did researchers demonstrate about humans in relation to preparation for cognitive development?
They have innate dispositions and distinctively prepared brains for higher-level mental activities
What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?
The foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Impact of subliminal stimuli
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Changing how people think and feel about themselves and others
'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?
The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
The limitations of Skinner's theory in explaining language acquisition
In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Towards more social (interpersonal) and more cognitive learning theories
What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Social cognition - how people process social information about other people and the self
'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?
Behaviorist theories such as Skinner's 'verbal behaviour'
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without direct reinforcement
What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables
'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?
'Stimulus control' and reinforcement principles
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
'Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression'
'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?
'Behaviorist theories' such as Skinner's 'verbal behaviour'
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about organisms and human brains?
Organisms have innate dispositions and human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
It showed that it could not properly account for human language acquisition
'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?
Cognitive restructuring
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
The scientific study of the mind and mental activity
Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?
Social cognition
What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?
Changing negative thought patterns
What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Interpersonal relations
What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?
Intrapersonal traits
What was one of the significant focuses of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Mental mechanisms enabling self-control
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Plasticity for change in the course of development.
In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Towards more social (interpersonal) theories.
What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 a trigger for?
The 'cognitive revolution'
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
They are distinctly prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Applications of evolutionary theory
In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
The limitations of Skinner's theory in accounting for human language acquisition
What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Development of self-control and ability to delay gratification in young children
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
The limitations of behaviorist theories in explaining language acquisition
In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?
Towards a focus on observational learning and cognitive processes
What was a major area of focus in clinical applications during the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile
What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?
The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables
'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?
The idea of humans entering the world with a mental blank slate
What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement
In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?
The activation of diverse kinds of mental representations, emotions, and social behaviors
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory
What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?
New models of cognitive and affective information-processing systems
What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?
Self-regulation and planning processes
In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?
Towards a focus on cognitive social variables
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
It illustrated that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959
What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
The development and testing of diverse theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?
For much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were not shown to be useful for treating diverse problems
What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Observation from real and symbolic models
What was the focus of the analysis of visual perception over time?
How the features of the environment provide vital information
Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?
Visual perception
'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?
Social communication and social behavior
'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?
Cognitive therapy
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
Identifying and changing negative thought patterns
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Depression, addictions, and self-control difficulties
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
'Stimulus control' difficulties, personality disorders, and depression
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
'Stimulus control' difficulties, personality disorders, and depression
What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It requires direct reinforcement
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?
The cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s
What was the primary focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Developing and testing diverse theoretical models for mental representations
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for in the 21st century?
Evolving new psychological science
What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?
Innate dispositions and distinctively prepared mental activities
What were some of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review, concurrent analyses, advances in various areas
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?
The inadequacy of Skinner's theory in explaining verbal behavior
What was a major focus of the researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Cognitive processes and mental representations
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Social cognition – how people process social information
What did researchers demonstrate about human brains?
Remarkable plasticity and possibilities for change through development
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
The inadequacy of behaviorist theories in explaining language and cognition
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?
Remarkable plasticity and possibilities for change through development
In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?
Social communication and diverse social behaviors
What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' reveal?
The inadequacy of Skinner's theory in explaining verbal behavior
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?
The inadequacy of behaviorist theories in explaining language and cognition
What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?
Cognitive processes and mental representations
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s?
Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'
What did the cognitive revolution compellingly argue against?
Behaviourism
What did psychological scientists demonstrate about organisms and human brains?
They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities
What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?
The development of cognitive science
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Anxiety and depression
What area of study became the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?
Scientific study of the mind and mental activity
What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?
Behaviorism and conditioning principles
What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?
Interpersonal relations and social communication
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs
What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?
'Skinner's theory of verbal behaviour' review by Noam Chomsky
'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?
Self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression
What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?
It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy
'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:
'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy
This quiz explores the paradigm shift from behaviorism to cognitive science triggered by Noam Chomsky's critique of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959. It delves into the early 1960s relevance of the Skinnerian approach and its subsequent questioning due to its inability to account for human language acquisition.
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