Cognitive Revolution and Behaviorism
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

  • The development of computer science
  • The application of evolutionary theory
  • Advances in neuroscience
  • Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (correct)

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Behaviourism (correct)

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

  • Scientific study of the mind and mental activity (correct)
  • Genetic studies
  • Applications of evolutionary theory
  • Advances in neuroscience

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>Computer science and artificial intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory a trigger for?

<p>'Cognitive revolution' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?

<p>The analysis of how the environment provides vital information for survival (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the shift in focus when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>From reinforcement and stimulus control to the mental mechanisms enabling self-control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Cultural differences in information processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?

<p>The preparedness of humans for cognitive and skill development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers investigate when working with a variety of animal species?

<p>Social communication and diverse social behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology examine?

<p>People's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities in coping with health threats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of research in relation to memory organization?

<p>How does stored knowledge give rise to activated patterns or networks at a particular time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were theorists focusing on when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

<p>How a person's characteristics interact with situational opportunities and demands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?

<p>To describe individuals using such terms as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations primarily focus on?

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?

<p>The cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviorism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>That they are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the triggers for a paradigm shift that became the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's review and concurrent analyses and advances in various fields (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of several triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Scientific study of the mind and mental activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

<p>Visual perception analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>More social and less cognitive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Combining cognitive and behavior therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Social communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology examine?

<p>How people's beliefs help them deal with traumas and threats to their health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?

<p>Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It requires direct reinforcement for effectiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>The plasticity of the human brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It requires direct reinforcement for effectiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?

<p>The shift from behaviorism to cognitive science (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviorism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>They are uniquely prepared for language acquisition and mathematics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>Computer science and artificial intelligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>The scientific study of the mind and mental activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>How learning occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behavior' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Recognition of plasticity of the human brain and possibilities for change in development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?

<p>How to identify and change negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Recognition of plasticity of the human brain and possibilities for change in development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?

<p>The paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviourism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Targeting negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Cultural differences in information processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did theorists focus on when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

<p>Moving beyond earlier conditioning principles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?

<p>The extensive preparation of humans for cognitive and skill development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>The review of Skinner's theory by Noam Chomsky (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Development of self-control and ability to delay gratification in young children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Such terms as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?

<p>Treating diverse traumas and threats to health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers investigate when working with a variety of animal species?

<p>Investigating social communication and diverse social behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?

<p>It could not properly account for human language acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviorism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a trigger for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>The cognitive revolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?

<p>The 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>The shift in focus when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Shifting focus from reinforcement and 'stimulus control' to mental mechanisms that enable self-control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?

<p>The 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviourism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>The scientific study of the mind and mental activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>The development of cognitive science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

<p>Evolutionary theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

<p>The cognitive appraisal of the situation and temptations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

<p>Toward observation from real and symbolic models (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Altruism, aggression, and obedience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?

<p>How people's beliefs, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities help them deal with traumas and threats to their health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>The effects of subliminal stimuli on mental representations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?

<p>The trigger for the 'cognitive revolution' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously without any direct reinforcement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Identifying and changing negative thought patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about humans in relation to preparation for cognitive development?

<p>They are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Recognition of much information processing occurring below awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?

<p>The 'cognitive revolution' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Towards a cognitive approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory a trigger for?

<p>The 'cognitive revolution' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Social cognition - how people process social information about other people and the self (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>The linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>They are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive and skill development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

<p>How the situation and temptations are cognitively appraised (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>New models of cognitive and affective information-processing systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>Understanding memory organization and plasticity of the human brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>It showed that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>The development of cognitive science and the rejection of behaviorism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>That they are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>The scientific study of the mind and mental activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>That it plays a crucial role in cognitive development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

<p>Toward integrating social and cognitive factors into learning theories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>The analysis of visual perception and memory organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?

<p>The triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Identifying and changing maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Attitudes and social-influence processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Distinctive preparation for diverse higher-level mental activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>Organisms have innate dispositions for learning through observation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without direct reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?

<p>Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>A trigger for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>'Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

<p>The analysis of visual perception taking increasing account of environmental features (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Understanding the influence of people's dispositions on their dealings with different types of situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?

<p>How people's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities may help them cope with diverse traumas and threats to their health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>The inability of Skinner's theory to properly account for human language acquisition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Development and testing of diverse theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of the researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Studying animal communication and social behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers in investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Learning through observation from real and symbolic models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>Altruism, aggression, and obedience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

<p>Visual perception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Perceptual, cognitive, and numerical abilities of infants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Human brains are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive and skill development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>'Self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?

<p>'Cognitive therapy' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory trigger?

<p>A paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>It showed that Skinner's approach could not properly account for human language acquisition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It can significantly influence learning behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>The investigation of personality, individual differences, and social behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Treating diverse problems such as anxiety, depression, and phobias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>The influence of people's dispositions and characteristics on their dealings with different types of situations and experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?

<p>Describing individuals and types using broad trait ratings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>The limitations of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Towards more social and cognitive learning theories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

<p>The cognitive appraisal of situations and temptations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>Understanding psychological mechanisms underlying self-control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Perceptual, cognitive, and numerical abilities of infants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 demonstrate?

<p>The inability of Skinner's theory to properly account for human language acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>The foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>The dominance of behaviorism as a psychological perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the analysis of visual perception increasingly take into account?

<p>How the features of the environment provide vital information for survival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

<p>They moved beyond the earlier conditioning and reward-and-punishment principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Altruism, aggression, and obedience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>The development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>It revealed that the theory couldn't properly account for human language acquisition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that became the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of research in relation to memory organization?

<p>Analysis and advances in computer science and artificial intelligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>They demonstrated that human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Toward a more cognitive and social perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) focus on?

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 a trigger for?

<p>The 'cognitive revolution' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Analyzing the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

<p>Visual perception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>That there is evidence for the plasticity of the human brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Evidence for the plasticity of the human brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>The influence of people's dispositions and characteristics on their dealings with different types of situations and experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Attitudes and social-influence processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?

<p>How people's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities may help them deal with diverse traumas and threats to their health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

<p>How the situation and temptations are cognitively appraised (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviourism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>The development of cognitive science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Anxiety, depression, and phobias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?

<p>How the features of the environment provide vital information for the organism's survival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?

<p>Describing individuals and types using broad trait ratings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Anxiety disorders and panic attacks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?

<p>The limitations of Skinner's theory in understanding human cognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Trauma recovery and grief counseling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>The effects of subliminal stimuli on mental representations, emotions, and social behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>The limitations of Skinner's theory in understanding human cognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>Infant cognition and developmental psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 demonstrate?

<p>It showed that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Behaviorist principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>They showed that human brains are distinctly prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

<p>Evolutionary psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the analysis of visual perception over time?

<p>How the features of the environment provide vital information for survival (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Moving away from reward-and-punishment principles towards cognitive social variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>It showed that Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' was inadequate for explaining human language acquisition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Developing theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>The evolution of new psychological science in the 21st century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Organisms have innate dispositions and human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Treating anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a focus of research and theory building in the analysis of visual perception?

<p>How the features of the environment provide vital information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did research demonstrate about the importance of learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT focus on?

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>The importance of reinforcement in learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Towards understanding cognitive appraisal and situational opportunities and demands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Distinctive preparation for diverse higher-level mental activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviorism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Development of cognitive science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Applications of evolutionary theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations focus on?

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major focuses of social psychology in the early 1970s?

<p>Cultural differences in information processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?

<p>Activation of diverse kinds of mental representations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' reveal?

<p>Substantial flaws in Skinner's theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>'Mental mechanisms that enable self-control' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?

<p>How features of the environment provide vital information for survival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?

<p>Social cognition and health psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings like introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?

<p>The extensive preparedness for cognitive and skill development in humans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>It showed the inadequacy of Skinner's theory to explain human language acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critique of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about human brains?

<p>They possess innate dispositions for diverse higher-level mental activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT focus on?

<p>Changing how people think and feel about themselves and others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT primarily focus on?

<p>Changing negative thought patterns and behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations focus on?

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Making learning theories more social and cognitive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant focuses of social psychology in the early 1970s?

<p>Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

<p>How the situation and the temptations are cognitively appraised (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

<p>Earlier conditioning and reward-and-punishment principles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?

<p>Personality, individual differences, and social behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?

<p>'Evolving new psychological science in the 21st century' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

<p>'Stimulus control' to focus on the mental mechanisms that enable self-control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?

<p>'Developmental psychology', 'social cognition', and 'health psychology' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about humans in relation to preparation for cognitive development?

<p>They have innate dispositions and distinctively prepared brains for higher-level mental activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>The foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Impact of subliminal stimuli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Changing how people think and feel about themselves and others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?

<p>The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>The limitations of Skinner's theory in explaining language acquisition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Towards more social (interpersonal) and more cognitive learning theories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Social cognition - how people process social information about other people and the self (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

<p>Behaviorist theories such as Skinner's 'verbal behaviour' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without direct reinforcement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

<p>'Stimulus control' and reinforcement principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>'Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

<p>'Behaviorist theories' such as Skinner's 'verbal behaviour' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about organisms and human brains?

<p>Organisms have innate dispositions and human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>It showed that it could not properly account for human language acquisition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?

<p>Cognitive restructuring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>The scientific study of the mind and mental activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

<p>Social cognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

<p>Changing negative thought patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Interpersonal relations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

<p>Intrapersonal traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant focuses of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Mental mechanisms enabling self-control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Plasticity for change in the course of development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Towards more social (interpersonal) theories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 a trigger for?

<p>The 'cognitive revolution' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>They are distinctly prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Applications of evolutionary theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>The limitations of Skinner's theory in accounting for human language acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Development of self-control and ability to delay gratification in young children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>The limitations of behaviorist theories in explaining language acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

<p>Towards a focus on observational learning and cognitive processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in clinical applications during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

<p>The idea of humans entering the world with a mental blank slate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?

<p>The activation of diverse kinds of mental representations, emotions, and social behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

<p>New models of cognitive and affective information-processing systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

<p>Self-regulation and planning processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

<p>Towards a focus on cognitive social variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>It illustrated that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>The development and testing of diverse theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?

<p>For much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were not shown to be useful for treating diverse problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Observation from real and symbolic models (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the analysis of visual perception over time?

<p>How the features of the environment provide vital information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

<p>Visual perception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?

<p>Social communication and social behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?

<p>Cognitive therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>Identifying and changing negative thought patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Depression, addictions, and self-control difficulties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>'Stimulus control' difficulties, personality disorders, and depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>'Stimulus control' difficulties, personality disorders, and depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It requires direct reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?

<p>The cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Developing and testing diverse theoretical models for mental representations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for in the 21st century?

<p>Evolving new psychological science (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

<p>Innate dispositions and distinctively prepared mental activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review, concurrent analyses, advances in various areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

<p>The inadequacy of Skinner's theory in explaining verbal behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of the researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Cognitive processes and mental representations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Social cognition – how people process social information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Remarkable plasticity and possibilities for change through development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>The inadequacy of behaviorist theories in explaining language and cognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

<p>Remarkable plasticity and possibilities for change through development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?

<p>Social communication and diverse social behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' reveal?

<p>The inadequacy of Skinner's theory in explaining verbal behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

<p>The inadequacy of behaviorist theories in explaining language and cognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

<p>Cognitive processes and mental representations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s?

<p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the cognitive revolution compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviourism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did psychological scientists demonstrate about organisms and human brains?

<p>They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>The development of cognitive science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Anxiety and depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study became the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

<p>Scientific study of the mind and mental activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

<p>Behaviorism and conditioning principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

<p>Interpersonal relations and social communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

<p>'Skinner's theory of verbal behaviour' review by Noam Chomsky (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

<p>Self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

<p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

<p>'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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