Cognitive Revolution and Behaviorism
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

  • The development of computer science
  • The application of evolutionary theory
  • Advances in neuroscience
  • Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' (correct)
  • What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Behaviourism (correct)
  • What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

  • Scientific study of the mind and mental activity (correct)
  • Genetic studies
  • Applications of evolutionary theory
  • Advances in neuroscience
  • What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>Computer science and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory a trigger for?

    <p>'Cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?

    <p>The analysis of how the environment provides vital information for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the shift in focus when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>From reinforcement and stimulus control to the mental mechanisms enabling self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Cultural differences in information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?

    <p>The preparedness of humans for cognitive and skill development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers investigate when working with a variety of animal species?

    <p>Social communication and diverse social behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology examine?

    <p>People's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities in coping with health threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of research in relation to memory organization?

    <p>How does stored knowledge give rise to activated patterns or networks at a particular time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were theorists focusing on when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

    <p>How a person's characteristics interact with situational opportunities and demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?

    <p>To describe individuals using such terms as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations primarily focus on?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?

    <p>The cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>That they are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the triggers for a paradigm shift that became the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's review and concurrent analyses and advances in various fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of several triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Scientific study of the mind and mental activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

    <p>Visual perception analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>More social and less cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Combining cognitive and behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Social communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology examine?

    <p>How people's beliefs help them deal with traumas and threats to their health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?

    <p>Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It requires direct reinforcement for effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>The plasticity of the human brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It requires direct reinforcement for effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?

    <p>The shift from behaviorism to cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>They are uniquely prepared for language acquisition and mathematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>Computer science and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>The scientific study of the mind and mental activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>How learning occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behavior'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Recognition of plasticity of the human brain and possibilities for change in development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?

    <p>How to identify and change negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Recognition of plasticity of the human brain and possibilities for change in development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' a trigger for?

    <p>The paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Targeting negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Cultural differences in information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did theorists focus on when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

    <p>Moving beyond earlier conditioning principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?

    <p>The extensive preparation of humans for cognitive and skill development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>The review of Skinner's theory by Noam Chomsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Development of self-control and ability to delay gratification in young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Such terms as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?

    <p>Treating diverse traumas and threats to health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers investigate when working with a variety of animal species?

    <p>Investigating social communication and diverse social behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?

    <p>It could not properly account for human language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a trigger for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>The cognitive revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?

    <p>The 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>The shift in focus when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Shifting focus from reinforcement and 'stimulus control' to mental mechanisms that enable self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?

    <p>The 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>The scientific study of the mind and mental activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>The development of cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

    <p>Evolutionary theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

    <p>The cognitive appraisal of the situation and temptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

    <p>Toward observation from real and symbolic models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Altruism, aggression, and obedience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?

    <p>How people's beliefs, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities help them deal with traumas and threats to their health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>The effects of subliminal stimuli on mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?

    <p>The trigger for the 'cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously without any direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about humans in relation to preparation for cognitive development?

    <p>They are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Recognition of much information processing occurring below awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?

    <p>The 'cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Towards a cognitive approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory a trigger for?

    <p>The 'cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Social cognition - how people process social information about other people and the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>The linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>They are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive and skill development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

    <p>How the situation and temptations are cognitively appraised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>New models of cognitive and affective information-processing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>Understanding memory organization and plasticity of the human brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>It showed that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>The development of cognitive science and the rejection of behaviorism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>That they are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>The scientific study of the mind and mental activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>That it plays a crucial role in cognitive development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

    <p>Toward integrating social and cognitive factors into learning theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>The analysis of visual perception and memory organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?

    <p>The triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Identifying and changing maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Attitudes and social-influence processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Distinctive preparation for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>Organisms have innate dispositions for learning through observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in clinical applications?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>A trigger for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>'Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

    <p>The analysis of visual perception taking increasing account of environmental features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Understanding the influence of people's dispositions on their dealings with different types of situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?

    <p>How people's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities may help them cope with diverse traumas and threats to their health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>The inability of Skinner's theory to properly account for human language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Development and testing of diverse theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major focus of the researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Studying animal communication and social behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers in investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Learning through observation from real and symbolic models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>Altruism, aggression, and obedience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

    <p>Visual perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Perceptual, cognitive, and numerical abilities of infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Human brains are extensively prepared for all sorts of cognitive and skill development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>'Self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?

    <p>'Cognitive therapy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory trigger?

    <p>A paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>It showed that Skinner's approach could not properly account for human language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It can significantly influence learning behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>The investigation of personality, individual differences, and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Treating diverse problems such as anxiety, depression, and phobias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>The influence of people's dispositions and characteristics on their dealings with different types of situations and experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?

    <p>Describing individuals and types using broad trait ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>The limitations of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Towards more social and cognitive learning theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

    <p>The cognitive appraisal of situations and temptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>Understanding psychological mechanisms underlying self-control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Perceptual, cognitive, and numerical abilities of infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 demonstrate?

    <p>The inability of Skinner's theory to properly account for human language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>The foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>The dominance of behaviorism as a psychological perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the analysis of visual perception increasingly take into account?

    <p>How the features of the environment provide vital information for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

    <p>They moved beyond the earlier conditioning and reward-and-punishment principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Altruism, aggression, and obedience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>The development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>It revealed that the theory couldn't properly account for human language acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that became the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of research in relation to memory organization?

    <p>Analysis and advances in computer science and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>They demonstrated that human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Toward a more cognitive and social perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) focus on?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 a trigger for?

    <p>The 'cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Analyzing the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

    <p>Visual perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>That there is evidence for the plasticity of the human brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Evidence for the plasticity of the human brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>The influence of people's dispositions and characteristics on their dealings with different types of situations and experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Attitudes and social-influence processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers examine at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology?

    <p>How people's beliefs, positive illusions, expectations, and self-regulatory abilities may help them deal with diverse traumas and threats to their health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

    <p>How the situation and temptations are cognitively appraised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>The development of cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Anxiety, depression, and phobias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?

    <p>How the features of the environment provide vital information for the organism's survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were traditional personality-trait taxonomies used for?

    <p>Describing individuals and types using broad trait ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Anxiety disorders and panic attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 show?

    <p>The limitations of Skinner's theory in understanding human cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Trauma recovery and grief counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>The effects of subliminal stimuli on mental representations, emotions, and social behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>The limitations of Skinner's theory in understanding human cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>Infant cognition and developmental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 demonstrate?

    <p>It showed that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Behaviorist principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>They showed that human brains are distinctly prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

    <p>Evolutionary psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the analysis of visual perception over time?

    <p>How the features of the environment provide vital information for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Moving away from reward-and-punishment principles towards cognitive social variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>It showed that Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' was inadequate for explaining human language acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Developing theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>The evolution of new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Organisms have innate dispositions and human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Treating anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a focus of research and theory building in the analysis of visual perception?

    <p>How the features of the environment provide vital information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did research demonstrate about the importance of learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Research at the intersection of social cognition and health psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT focus on?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>The importance of reinforcement in learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Towards understanding cognitive appraisal and situational opportunities and demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Distinctive preparation for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Development of cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Applications of evolutionary theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations focus on?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major focuses of social psychology in the early 1970s?

    <p>Cultural differences in information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?

    <p>Activation of diverse kinds of mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' reveal?

    <p>Substantial flaws in Skinner's theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>'Mental mechanisms that enable self-control'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of research and theory building in relation to the analysis of visual perception?

    <p>How features of the environment provide vital information for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>More social (interpersonal) and more cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?

    <p>Social cognition and health psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings like introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did developmental research provide clear evidence for?

    <p>The extensive preparedness for cognitive and skill development in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>It showed the inadequacy of Skinner's theory to explain human language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critique of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>They possess innate dispositions for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what areas did the 'cognitive revolution' lead to significant developments?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT focus on?

    <p>Changing how people think and feel about themselves and others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' What does CBT primarily focus on?

    <p>Changing negative thought patterns and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations focus on?

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Making learning theories more social and cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant focuses of social psychology in the early 1970s?

    <p>Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

    <p>How the situation and the temptations are cognitively appraised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

    <p>Earlier conditioning and reward-and-punishment principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?

    <p>Personality, individual differences, and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?

    <p>'Evolving new psychological science in the 21st century'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

    <p>'Stimulus control' to focus on the mental mechanisms that enable self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?

    <p>'Developmental psychology', 'social cognition', and 'health psychology'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Social cognition—how people process social information about other people and the self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about humans in relation to preparation for cognitive development?

    <p>They have innate dispositions and distinctively prepared brains for higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>The foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Impact of subliminal stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Changing how people think and feel about themselves and others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?

    <p>The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>The limitations of Skinner's theory in explaining language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Towards more social (interpersonal) and more cognitive learning theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Social cognition - how people process social information about other people and the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

    <p>Behaviorist theories such as Skinner's 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant focuses of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Reconceptualizing individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

    <p>'Stimulus control' and reinforcement principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>'Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

    <p>'Behaviorist theories' such as Skinner's 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about organisms and human brains?

    <p>Organisms have innate dispositions and human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>The evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>It showed that it could not properly account for human language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?

    <p>Cognitive restructuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>The scientific study of the mind and mental activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

    <p>Social cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Changing negative thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of study in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Interpersonal relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers focus on when investigating the development of self-control and the ability to delay gratification in young children?

    <p>Intrapersonal traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant focuses of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Mental mechanisms enabling self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Plasticity for change in the course of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Towards more social (interpersonal) theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the linguist Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 a trigger for?

    <p>The 'cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>They are distinctly prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the foundations for the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Applications of evolutionary theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conjunction with concurrent analyses and advances in various areas, what did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>Much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>The limitations of Skinner's theory in accounting for human language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Development of self-control and ability to delay gratification in young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>The limitations of behaviorist theories in explaining language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did theorists move when making learning theories more social and cognitive?

    <p>Towards a focus on observational learning and cognitive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in clinical applications during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Broad trait ratings such as introversion-extraversion and sociable-hostile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>The reconceptualization of individual differences in terms of cognitive social variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' compellingly argued against what?

    <p>The idea of humans entering the world with a mental blank slate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?

    <p>The activation of diverse kinds of mental representations, emotions, and social behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for?

    <p>New models of cognitive and affective information-processing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major area of focus in social psychology beginning in the early 1970s?

    <p>Self-regulation and planning processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction did researchers move when investigating personality, individual differences, and social behavior?

    <p>Towards a focus on cognitive social variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>It illustrated that Skinner's theory could not properly account for human language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>The development and testing of diverse theoretical models for conceptualizing mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>That human brains are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' became the foundation for what?

    <p>For much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were not shown to be useful for treating diverse problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Observation from real and symbolic models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the analysis of visual perception over time?

    <p>How the features of the environment provide vital information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area focused on the perception of environmental features vital for an organism's survival?

    <p>Visual perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive revolution' led to significant developments in which areas?

    <p>Social communication and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy' helps people to change how they think and feel about themselves and others. What type of therapeutic approach is this an example of?

    <p>Cognitive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>Identifying and changing negative thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Depression, addictions, and self-control difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>'Stimulus control' difficulties, personality disorders, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>'Stimulus control' difficulties, personality disorders, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It requires direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' trigger?

    <p>The cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Developing and testing diverse theoretical models for mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the scientific study of the mind become the foundation for in the 21st century?

    <p>Evolving new psychological science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did traditional personality-trait taxonomies describe individuals and types using?

    <p>Innate dispositions and distinctively prepared mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some of the triggers for the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review, concurrent analyses, advances in various areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' in 1959 reveal?

    <p>The inadequacy of Skinner's theory in explaining verbal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major focus of the researchers in the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Cognitive processes and mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Social cognition – how people process social information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Remarkable plasticity and possibilities for change through development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Disabling fears, self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>The inadequacy of behaviorist theories in explaining language and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about human brains?

    <p>Remarkable plasticity and possibilities for change through development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what area did researchers examine the impact of subliminal stimuli?

    <p>Social communication and diverse social behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour' reveal?

    <p>The inadequacy of Skinner's theory in explaining verbal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution' in the mid-1960s?

    <p>The inadequacy of behaviorist theories in explaining language and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of researchers during the 'cognitive revolution' period?

    <p>Cognitive processes and mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the cognitive revolution in the mid-1960s?

    <p>Noam Chomsky's critical review of Skinner's theory of 'verbal behaviour'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the cognitive revolution compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did psychological scientists demonstrate about organisms and human brains?

    <p>They are distinctively prepared for diverse higher-level mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant developments resulting from the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>The development of cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Anxiety and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study became the foundation for much of the evolving new psychological science in the 21st century?

    <p>Scientific study of the mind and mental activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'cognitive revolution' compellingly argue against?

    <p>Behaviorism and conditioning principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of study in social psychology became major in the early 1970s?

    <p>Interpersonal relations and social communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the triggers for the paradigm shift that led to the 'cognitive revolution'?

    <p>'Skinner's theory of verbal behaviour' review by Noam Chomsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavioral treatment innovations' were shown to be useful for treating diverse problems. What were some examples of these diverse problems?

    <p>Self-control difficulties, addictions, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did research demonstrate about learning through observation from real and symbolic models?

    <p>It occurs spontaneously and cognitively without requiring any direct reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>Identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was developed.' CBT focuses on:

    <p>'Changing negative, inaccurate, or maladaptive beliefs' through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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