Cognitive Flexibility in Behavior Analysis
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Questions and Answers

What cognitive ability is defined as the capacity to adapt thinking and behavior?

  • Cognitive rigidity
  • Cognitive flexibility (correct)
  • Cognitive planning
  • Cognitive inhibition

    • Which Brodmann Area is primarily associated with motor speech programming?

  • BA 22
  • BA 44 (correct)
  • BA 17
  • BA 39-40

    • Which cognitive process is defined as the ability to repress inappropriate responses?

  • Response initiation
  • Response inhibition (correct)
  • Cognitive evaluation
  • Cognitive restructuring

    • What area is primarily responsible for language comprehension?

    <p>BA 22 Wernicke's area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section is related to left-right disorientation and finger agnosia?

    <p>BA 39-40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher score indicate in the context of brain function assessment?

    <p>More severe disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is NOT evaluated when assessing functional independence?

    <p>Physical appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should physical therapists focus on when assessing consciousness in patients?

    <p>Signs of wakefulness or consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the goals of physical therapy approaches mentioned?

    <p>Assess and adapt to the level of dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Functional Independence Measure evaluate?

    <p>Levels of consciousness and daily living skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is noted in a patient experiencing severe agitation?

    <p>Inconsistent speech and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of RLA Level 5?

    <p>Confused and inappropriate responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is recommended for helping a patient who struggles with attention and recall?

    <p>Provide a quiet environment with minimal distractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior might indicate decreased initiation in a patient?

    <p>Saliva dripping and forgetting ongoing tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When interacting with a patient at this level, which approach should be avoided?

    <p>Asking them open-ended questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical sign of disorientation in a patient?

    <p>Failing to notice previous errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended approach when explaining a change in activity for the patient?

    <p>Clearly explain what to expect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does poor day-to-day recall in a patient indicate?

    <p>Difficulty remembering recent information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal when engaging both the patient and caregiver during therapy?

    <p>To reduce agitation by keeping the interaction brief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stimulus should be applied if the patient shows eye opening?

    <p>Vestibular, tactile, auditory, and visual stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial to ensure during the therapy session to minimize distractions?

    <p>No distractions or loud sounds should be present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the patient's hair during therapy to prevent issues?

    <p>Tie it up to prevent the patient from grabbing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected patient response to any applied stimulus at RLA 2?

    <p>Reflexive response only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be removed from the patient's body before engaging in therapy?

    <p>Personal items like ID lace and jewelry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is essential for documentation during therapy sessions?

    <p>Record observations of any actions taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if there is restlessness and agitation preventing the assessment of range of motion (ROM)?

    <p>Document that ROM was not assessed due to agitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 6-minute walk test?

    <p>To measure cardiovascular endurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment would be used if a patient is unable to follow instructions?

    <p>FMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a poor score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) indicate?

    <p>Increased likelihood of brainstem involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the WeeFIM assess in younger children?

    <p>18 domains of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to assess a patient's tolerance to the upright position?

    <p>It informs about their cardiovascular responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does decerebrate posturing indicate?

    <p>Severe brainstem injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indicator of a poorer prognosis regarding pupillary responses?

    <p>Pupillary dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment method focuses on documenting progress from coma to community?

    <p>Disability Rating Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of range of motion must be executed carefully to avoid pain?

    <p>Passive ROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In functional assessment, which aspect indicates a patient's independence in ADLs?

    <p>Level of Independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the assessment of gait include?

    <p>Ambulation ability and gait deviations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Functional Motor Test (FMT) observe?

    <p>Motor responses of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might imaging results show if they indicate a poorer prognosis?

    <p>Presence of large blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does assessing balance play in functional assessment?

    <p>It provides data for future mobility plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cognitive Flexibility and Brain Areas

    • Cognitive flexibility refers to the ability to adapt thinking and behavior.
    • Total of 52 Brodmann Areas (BAs) involved in various cognitive functions.

    Key Brain Areas

    • BA 312: Primary somatosensory area.
    • BA 4, 6: Involved in primary motor, premotor, and supplementary motor functions.
    • BA 44, 45: Broca’s Area, essential for motor speech programming.
    • BA 17: Primary visual cortex.
    • BA 22: Auditory processing, includes Wernicke's area for language comprehension.
    • BA 39, 40: Gerstmann syndrome related to left-right disorientation, finger agnosia, agraphia, and acalculia.

    Cognitive Assessment in PT

    • Assess cognitive functions during neurological examinations based on patient complaints.

    Range of Motion (ROM) Assessment

    • Passive Range of Motion (PROM): Must avoid inducing stretching pain on tight muscles and joints.
    • Active Range of Motion (AROM): Conducted if the patient can follow instructions.
    • Manual Muscle Testing (MMT): Usual assessment method if patient can respond.
    • Functional Muscle Testing (FMT): Used if patient is unresponsive, assessing motor responses.

    Prognosis Indicators

    • Poor prognosis if Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is less than 7, or post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) exceeds 2 weeks.
    • Imaging (CT scans) shows worse outcomes with large blood clots.
    • Age impacts recovery capacity.
    • Pupillary responses indicate prognosis; dilated pupils suggest poor outcomes while constriction suggests severe brain involvement.

    Functional Assessment Tools

    • Disability Rating Scale: Rates participation restriction and tracks recovery from coma to community reintegration.
    • Functional Independence Measure (FIM): Measures mobility, ADL function, cognition, and communication.

    RLA Levels of Recovery

    • RLA Level 1: No response; focus on passive assessments and signs of consciousness.
    • RLA Level 2: Slight response to stimuli; generalized reflex responses noted.
    • RLA Level 5: Confused and inappropriate responses; caregivers should be involved for structured support.

    Management Strategies

    • Step-by-step commands and repetition are crucial in managing cognitive impairments.
    • Maximize structure to assist with familiar tasks.
    • Engage caregivers and family members; communication should accommodate the patient's cognitive level.

    Gait and Postural Assessments

    • Gait assessed for independence, surface, distance, and assistive device (AD) usage.
    • Postural evaluations for abnormal postures like decerebrate or decorticate posturing.

    Important Considerations for Therapy

    • Monitor cardiovascular endurance through the 6-minute walk test.
    • Document findings meticulously, especially in cases of agitation or unresponsiveness.
    • Focus on patient tolerance to upright positions, tracking vital signs during position changes.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of cognitive flexibility and its relation to behavior analysis, focusing on key areas such as initiation, self-generation, and response inhibition. Dive into the principles that govern adaptability in thinking and behavior as covered in BA courses. Assess your understanding of these psychological functions and their applications.

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