14 Questions
What distinguishes domain-general abilities from domain-specific abilities?
Domain-general abilities influence performance over a wide range of situations, while domain-specific abilities are specific to one cognitive domain.
According to Lev Vygotsky, how is development guided?
By adults and collaboration with others within a cultural context.
Which of Vygotsky's levels of development focuses on changes over evolutionary time?
Phylogenetic
What is the key difference between digital natives and digital immigrants?
Digital natives grew up in an age of digital technology, while digital immigrants adapted to technology later in life.
What does the sociocultural perspective emphasize about development?
The cultural context determines how, where, and when interactions take place.
What does infantile amnesia refer to?
The lack of memory for early life events.
Which term is used to describe the processes involved in regulating attention and determining what to do with information that is just gathered or retrieved from long-term memory?
Executive function
How does knowledge base influence children's thinking, as per the text?
Knowledge base significantly affects how children think.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) according to the text?
The difference between a child's actual level of ability and the level they can achieve with guidance
What is the role of adults in scaffolding within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
To provide temporary support while gradually reducing it as the child advances
How does Guided Participation, as described by Rogoff, differ from formal instruction?
Guided Participation involves adult-child interactions during various activities and communication
What does the concept of Legitimate Peripheral Participation imply about acquiring culturally appropriate behaviors?
Children observe and acquire culturally appropriate behaviors through peripheral involvement in adult activities
What is the Visual Preference Paradigm used for in developmental studies?
To observe infants' responses to different visual stimuli and infer preferences
How is Dishabituation different from Habituation?
Habituation involves response decrease while Dishabituation involves response increase with a new stimulus
Study Notes
Domain-General and Domain-Specific Abilities
- Domain-general abilities are general cognitive processes that are applicable across various domains, whereas domain-specific abilities are specific to a particular domain or task.
Vygotsky's Theory of Development
- Development is guided by social interactions, language, and culture.
- The phylogenetic level of development focuses on changes over evolutionary time.
Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants
- Digital natives are individuals born in the digital age, who are naturally proficient in digital technologies, whereas digital immigrants are individuals who have adapted to digital technologies later in life.
Sociocultural Perspective
- The sociocultural perspective emphasizes that development is shaped by cultural and social factors.
Memory Development
- Infantile amnesia refers to the inability of adults to recall early childhood memories.
Information Processing
- The term "executive function" describes the processes involved in regulating attention and determining what to do with information that is just gathered or retrieved from long-term memory.
Knowledge Base and Children's Thinking
- Children's thinking is influenced by their existing knowledge base, which affects how they process new information.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
- The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the range of knowledge that children can learn with guidance from a more knowledgeable other.
Role of Adults in Scaffolding
- Adults play a crucial role in scaffolding by providing support, guidance, and feedback to help children learn within the ZPD.
Guided Participation vs. Formal Instruction
- Guided participation, as described by Rogoff, involves collaborative learning, whereas formal instruction involves direct teaching.
Legitimate Peripheral Participation
- Legitimate Peripheral Participation implies that acquiring culturally appropriate behaviors involves gradual, active participation in cultural practices.
Visual Preference Paradigm
- The Visual Preference Paradigm is used to study infant perception and cognitive development.
Habituation and Dishabituation
- Habituation is the process of becoming accustomed to a stimulus, whereas Dishabituation is the recovery of a response to a stimulus after habituation.
Test your knowledge on cognitive development, domain-general abilities, domain-specific abilities, and Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory. Learn about the impact of brain functions on memory and the idea of modularity in the brain.
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