Questions and Answers
What is a source of protein?
What is essential for life and can only be lived without for a few days?
Water
What helps the body store energy?
Fats
What is essential for tissue growth and repair?
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What are nutrients that must be obtained from certain foods?
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What provides fiber necessary for bowel elimination?
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What vegetable colors have the best nutritional content?
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What kinds of grains are best to consume?
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What is an example of a food considered high in sodium?
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Fluid overload occurs when the body is unable to handle the amount of fluid consumed.
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If a resident has an NPO order, he can drink water but no other type of fluid.
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The sense of thirst lessens as a person ages.
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People can become dehydrated by vomiting too much.
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One symptom of dehydration is dark urine.
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What should be done if a resident shows signs of dysphagia?
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What should the NA do to promote socializing during meals?
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Study Notes
Nutrition Overview
- Protein is found in seafood, dried beans, poultry, and soy products, essential for tissue growth and repair.
- Water is crucial for life; a person may only survive a few days without it and plays a role in temperature regulation through perspiration.
- Fats help the body store energy, add flavor to food, and assist in vitamin absorption. They can be categorized into monounsaturated and saturated types.
- Carbohydrates are necessary for providing fiber and examples include bread, cereal, and potatoes.
Vitamins and Minerals
- Vitamins, which are essential nutrients that the body cannot synthesize on its own, can be fat-soluble or water-soluble.
- Minerals like iron and calcium are important for bone health and blood formation.
Dietary Guidelines
- MyPlate recommends that half of a person's plate should consist of vegetables and fruits, with darker colored vegetables (green, red, orange) offering the best nutritional value.
- Whole grains are recommended, such as oatmeal and pasta, while dairy choices should predominantly be low-fat (0%-1%).
Special Diets
- Diabetic diets require carb counting to regulate carbohydrate intake.
- Fluid-restricted diets aim to prevent further heart or kidney damage, alongside low-sodium diets which limit salt intake.
- Liquid diets consist of clear or full liquid foods, while puréed diets involve soft foods easy to chew.
- Low-fat diets limit saturated fat for individuals with heart disease, and low-protein diets cater to those with kidney disease.
Eating and Hydration Support
- Encourage residents to eat and ensure proper oral care before and after meals.
- Respect individual food preferences, offer a variety of food and beverage options, and allow adequate time for meals.
- Record food intake and check on residents' ability to use utensils; provide assistive devices as needed.
- Maintain a low noise level during meals to enhance the eating experience.
Recognizing and Preventing Dehydration
- Symptoms of dehydration can include dark urine and residents becoming dehydrated from excessive vomiting. Encourage fresh fluids regularly.
- Residents at risk of fluid overload should have their fluid intake monitored.
Assisting Residents with Specific Needs
- For those displaying signs of dysphagia, promptly report to a nurse.
- Use clear and short verbal cues and assistive devices to promote independence in eating.
- Pay attention to residents' positioning to prevent swallowing difficulties; ensure legs and arms are supported during meals.
- For those with vision impairments, refer to an imaginary clock to help with food positioning, and serve food on the stronger side for stroke victims.
Important Facts About Eating
- Ensure residents are in an upright position during meals.
- The NA should remain attentive, avoiding standing while feeding.
- Residents with conditions like Parkinson's may require additional assistance if tremors hinder their ability to eat.
Social and Emotional Aspects of Eating
- Encourage socialization during meals to reduce loneliness and boredom.
- Promote a positive eating environment, respecting individual food choices, and supporting residents' emotional health related to appetite changes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on nutrition and hydration concepts covered in CNA Chapter 8. This quiz includes key terms and definitions related to food sources, water, proteins, and fats essential for health. Perfect for students preparing for their CNA certification.
