CME4Life Board Review Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What nerve are we checking for with EOM with an orbital fracture?

Infra-orbital Nerve

What kind of lesion represents herpes keratitis?

Dendritic

Where is the tear from retinal detachment most common?

Superior temporal area

What is classically described as a curtain being drawn over the eye from the top to the bottom?

Retinal Detachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss?

Macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

How is the metamorphosis of macular degeneration best measured?

Amsler Grid Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of blindness in the USA?

Diabetic retinopathy Signup and view all the answers

An impediment through what structure leads to glaucoma?

Canal of Schlemm Signup and view all the answers

Which kind of glaucoma is most common?

Open angle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of glaucoma?

Peripheral visual field loss Signup and view all the answers

What is periorbital cellulitis primarily associated with?

Sinusitis Signup and view all the answers

When is dacryostenosis most common and what is the treatment?

Newborns. Symptomatic treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is involved with an internal hordeolum and what is the common pathogen?

Meibomian gland, S. Aureus Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common pathogens of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Strep pneumonia, S. Aureus and H. Flu Signup and view all the answers

What two diseases are caused by Neisseria?

Gonorrhea and Meningitis Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a yellowish, fleshy conjunctival mass typically on the nasal side?

Pinguecula Signup and view all the answers

What are the main causes of papilledema?

Malignant HTN, Increased intracranial pressure and pseudotumor cerebri Signup and view all the answers

How will papilledema appear?

Disc swollen with margins blurred and obliteration of the vessels Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most common causes of transient vision loss?

Emboli (amaurosis fugax) or giant cell (temporal) arteritis Signup and view all the answers

What causes sudden vision loss?

Central retinal vein occlusion, optic neuropathy, papillitis or retrobulbar neuritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of amblyopia?

Strabismus Signup and view all the answers

What is blue/cyanotic discoloration of the sclera associated with?

Osteogenesis imperfecta Signup and view all the answers

With a conduction hearing loss, how will the Weber test respond?

Lateralize to the affected ear Signup and view all the answers

With conductive hearing loss, how will the Rinne test respond?

Bone conduction greater than air conduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss and what kind of hearing is lost?

Presbycusis, high frequency Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main features of Meniere's disease?

Vertigo, low range hearing loss, tinnitus and ear pressure Signup and view all the answers

What drugs are ototoxic agents that lead to hearing loss?

Aminoglycosides, loops, and chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin) Signup and view all the answers

What bugs are most common in otitis media?

Strep, H. Flu and M. Cat Signup and view all the answers

What kind of nystagmus is associated with peripheral vertigo?

Horizontal with rotatory component Signup and view all the answers

What test is used to diagnose BPPV?

Dix-Hallpike Signup and view all the answers

Most cases of sinusitis resolve without antibiotics?

True Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are suggestive of Group A beta hemolytic strep?

Centor's Criteria Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are NOT consistent with Group A beta hemolytic strep?

Coryza, hoarse voice or cough Signup and view all the answers

What is the antibiotic of choice for Group A beta hemolytic strep if PCN allergic?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis consistent with sore throat, uvula deviation, drooling, and trismus?

Peritonsillar abscess Signup and view all the answers

How will aphthous ulcers appear in the mouth?

Painful, round with yellowish-gray centers & red halos Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common yeast in oral thrush?

Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of anterior nose bleeds?

Kiesselbach plexus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ophthalmic Conditions

Infra-orbital nerve is assessed during extraocular muscle (EOM) testing in cases of orbital fracture.
Dendritic lesions are characteristic of herpes keratitis.
Retinal detachment tears frequently occur in the superior temporal region.
Retinal detachment is often described as a curtain being drawn over the eye.
Macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss.
The Amsler Grid is used to measure metamorphopsia in macular degeneration.
Diabetic retinopathy is the primary cause of blindness in the USA.
Glaucoma results from obstruction in the Canal of Schlemm.
Open-angle glaucoma is the most prevalent type.
The main symptom of glaucoma is the loss of peripheral visual fields.
Periorbital cellulitis commonly arises from sinusitis.
Dacryostenosis occurs primarily in newborns, treated with symptomatic measures.
Internal hordeolum involves the Meibomian gland, with Staphylococcus aureus as the common pathogen.
The leading pathogens in bacterial conjunctivitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staph. aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae.
Neisseria causes both gonorrhea and meningitis.
A pinguecula presents as a yellowish, fleshy mass on the conjunctiva, usually on the nasal side.
Papilledema can result from malignant hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, or pseudotumor cerebri.
Papilledema is indicated by a swollen disc with blurred margins and obliterated vessels.
Transient vision loss is often due to emboli (amaurosis fugax) or giant cell arteritis.
Causes of sudden vision loss include central retinal vein occlusion, optic neuropathy, papillitis, or retrobulbar neuritis.
The most common cause of amblyopia is strabismus.
Blue scleral discoloration is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Hearing Conditions

In cases of conductive hearing loss, the Weber test will lateralize to the affected ear.
The Rinne test shows bone conduction greater than air conduction for conductive hearing loss.
Presbycusis is the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss, resulting in high-frequency hearing loss.
Meniere's disease is characterized by vertigo, low-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, and a sensation of ear pressure.
Ototoxic drugs include aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, and chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin.
Common pathogens in otitis media include Streptococcus pneumonaie, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Horizontal nystagmus with a rotatory component is indicative of peripheral vertigo.
The Dix-Hallpike maneuver is the diagnostic test for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Throat and Oral Conditions

Most sinusitis cases resolve without antibiotic treatment.
Centor's Criteria outline symptoms suggestive of Group A beta-hemolytic strep throat.
Symptoms not consistent with Group A beta-hemolytic strep include cough, hoarseness, and rhinitis.
Erythromycin is the preferred antibiotic for Group A beta-hemolytic strep in patients allergic to penicillin.
A peritonsillar abscess presents with sore throat, uvula deviation, drooling, and trismus.
Aphthous ulcers appear painful, round, with yellow-gray centers and red halos.
Candidia albicans is the most common yeast causing oral thrush.
Anterior nosebleeds usually occur in Kiesselbach's plexus area.

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Test your knowledge with these CME4Life Board Review Flashcards. This quiz covers important concepts such as nerves involved in eye movement, lesions associated with herpes keratitis, and characteristics of retinal detachments. Perfect for medical students and professionals preparing for board exams.