CME4Life Board Review Flashcards

Ophthalmic Conditions

• Infra-orbital nerve is assessed during extraocular muscle (EOM) testing in cases of orbital fracture.
• Dendritic lesions are characteristic of herpes keratitis.
• Retinal detachment tears frequently occur in the superior temporal region.
• Retinal detachment is often described as a curtain being drawn over the eye.
• Macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss.
• The Amsler Grid is used to measure metamorphopsia in macular degeneration.
• Diabetic retinopathy is the primary cause of blindness in the USA.
• Glaucoma results from obstruction in the Canal of Schlemm.
• Open-angle glaucoma is the most prevalent type.
• The main symptom of glaucoma is the loss of peripheral visual fields.
• Periorbital cellulitis commonly arises from sinusitis.
• Dacryostenosis occurs primarily in newborns, treated with symptomatic measures.
• Internal hordeolum involves the Meibomian gland, with Staphylococcus aureus as the common pathogen.
• The leading pathogens in bacterial conjunctivitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staph. aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae.
• Neisseria causes both gonorrhea and meningitis.
• A pinguecula presents as a yellowish, fleshy mass on the conjunctiva, usually on the nasal side.
• Papilledema can result from malignant hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, or pseudotumor cerebri.
• Papilledema is indicated by a swollen disc with blurred margins and obliterated vessels.
• Transient vision loss is often due to emboli (amaurosis fugax) or giant cell arteritis.
• Causes of sudden vision loss include central retinal vein occlusion, optic neuropathy, papillitis, or retrobulbar neuritis.
• The most common cause of amblyopia is strabismus.
• Blue scleral discoloration is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Hearing Conditions

• In cases of conductive hearing loss, the Weber test will lateralize to the affected ear.
• The Rinne test shows bone conduction greater than air conduction for conductive hearing loss.
• Presbycusis is the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss, resulting in high-frequency hearing loss.
• Meniere's disease is characterized by vertigo, low-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, and a sensation of ear pressure.
• Ototoxic drugs include aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, and chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin.
• Common pathogens in otitis media include Streptococcus pneumonaie, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
• Horizontal nystagmus with a rotatory component is indicative of peripheral vertigo.
• The Dix-Hallpike maneuver is the diagnostic test for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Throat and Oral Conditions

• Most sinusitis cases resolve without antibiotic treatment.
• Centor's Criteria outline symptoms suggestive of Group A beta-hemolytic strep throat.
• Symptoms not consistent with Group A beta-hemolytic strep include cough, hoarseness, and rhinitis.
• Erythromycin is the preferred antibiotic for Group A beta-hemolytic strep in patients allergic to penicillin.
• A peritonsillar abscess presents with sore throat, uvula deviation, drooling, and trismus.
• Aphthous ulcers appear painful, round, with yellow-gray centers and red halos.
• Candidia albicans is the most common yeast causing oral thrush.
• Anterior nosebleeds usually occur in Kiesselbach's plexus area.

Test your knowledge with these CME4Life Board Review Flashcards. This quiz covers important concepts such as nerves involved in eye movement, lesions associated with herpes keratitis, and characteristics of retinal detachments. Perfect for medical students and professionals preparing for board exams.