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Questions and Answers
Which component of blood is absent in serum but present in plasma?
What is the primary responsibility of the Cytogenetics division within the Department of Pathology?
What is the role of the lavender collection tube in hematology sample collection?
Which of the following best describes a Complete Blood Count (CBC)?
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What does the White Blood Cell differential entail in hematology?
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Who developed the first almost completely internal pacemaker?
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What significant medical device was invented first by Paul Zoll?
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Which invention significantly advanced the field of cardiology and was performed by Werner Foesmann in 1928?
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Which medical imaging technology was jointly developed by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allen Cormack?
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Which significant healthcare invention was introduced by the United States government in 1976?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Organizational Divisions
- Department of Pathology divided into Anatomical and Clinical categories.
- Anatomical division includes Cytology, Histology, and Cytogenetics for tissue analysis.
- Cytology focuses on detecting abnormal cells, including cancer.
- Histology analyzes surgical specimens, biopsies, frozen sections, and autopsies.
- Cytogenetics conducts genetic testing through blood, amniotic fluid, tissue, and bone marrow.
Clinical Division
- Clinical division encompasses several areas: Hematology, Coagulation, Chemistry, Blood Bank, Serology, Microbiology, Urinalysis, and Phlebotomy.
- Laboratory Information System (LIS) is essential for specimen processing.
Hematology Insights
- Analyzes the formed elements of blood, typically using whole blood obtained with anticoagulant.
- Whole blood analysis includes plasma (liquid not allowed to clot) and serum (liquid allowed to clot).
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) is the most common test for assessing blood components.
- White Blood Cell (WBC) counts and types are important for diagnosing infections and other conditions.
Historical Medical Innovations
- 1956: Patenting of plastic disposable syringes connects to 1.3 million annual deaths from unsafe injections.
- 1895: Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays, revolutionizing medical imaging.
- 1928: First cardiac catheterization demonstrated feasibility of delivering drugs directly to the heart.
- 1970: Development of the first computerized axial tomography (CT) scanner and major advancements in imaging technology, such as MRI and PET scans.
Future Innovations in Healthcare
- Need for long-lasting, fast-charging batteries in medical devices, with new technology like aluminum-ion batteries promising efficiency.
- Micro supercapacitors aim to charge rapidly while maintaining energy capacity, supporting more energy-efficient devices.
- Skin power technology harnesses energy from skin friction, potentially eliminating the need for traditional batteries in wearables.
Unusual Surgical Procedures
- Rotationplasty is a radical reconstructive surgery that repurposes the ankle as a knee joint post-leg amputation.
- Rise of telemedicine as a flexible and accessible healthcare option, particularly benefitting remote patients.
Importance of Interoperability in Healthcare
- Essential for seamless data exchange across systems, improving efficiency, and reducing costs.
- Provides clinicians with timely information to enhance patient care and diagnosis.
Technology Application in Healthcare
- AI aids in disease diagnosis and medical imaging by processing significant amounts of data.
- Healthcare operations benefited from technology improvements are optimizing the use of electronic medical records.
- Clinical trials are evolving through decentralized methods utilizing smart devices and telehealth.
Microscope Care and Handling
- Microscopes require careful cleaning with lens paper and should not be left with oil on lenses.
- When moving, one hand should support the base while the other holds the arm to avoid damage.
- Storage practices include positioning the low power objective and covering the microscope to keep it dust-free.
Microscope Operational Principles
- Resolution and numerical aperture are key to understanding the quality of microscope lenses.
- Parfocal quality in microscopes minimizes focus adjustments during objective changes.
- The refractive index affects the light's pathway as it transitions from the slide to the air, impacting image clarity.
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Description
This quiz covers the organizational divisions within a clinical laboratory, focusing on the Department of Pathology. You'll learn about anatomical pathology, cytology, histology, and cytogenetics, including their roles in diagnosing diseases such as cancer and genetic testing.
