Clinical Issues in Sexual and Reproductive Health

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Questions and Answers

What condition requires significant delay in or absence of ejaculation on most occasions during intercourse?

Anorgasmia

Rapid Ejaculation

Delayed Ejaculation (correct)

Erectile Dysfunction

Which factor is NOT listed as a potential contributor to genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

Fear of pain

Anxiety

Childhood trauma (correct)

Abdominal abnormalities

What should be incorporated into a treatment plan for individuals experiencing bowel difficulties?

Strict dietary restrictions

Fiber and water intake (correct)

Daily medication regimen

Intensive physical exercise

When does genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder require treatment?

If symptoms cause distress for at least 6 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common psychological source of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

Anxiety and stress Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the prognosis of chronic bowel difficulties is correct?

They may continue with chronic issues. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of occupational therapy for individuals with gender dysphoria?

Self-esteem and self-concept Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is associated with chronic constipation in infancy?

Low muscle tone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emphasis when managing vascular non-communicable diseases?

Reducing excess disability from comorbid conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is NOT emphasized for preventing cognitive decline?

Increasing sodium intake Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the overall goals related to occupational therapy for individuals with vascular NCD?

Enhance quality of life (QOL) Signup and view all the answers

What approach can help reduce depression and subsequently enhance function in individuals with vascular NCD?

Engagement in leisure activities Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention strategy is recommended for cognitive stimulation therapy?

Cognitively challenging activities Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor in tailoring activities for individuals with cognitive deficits?

Emotional, physical, and cognitive abilities of the client Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes insomnia disorder?

Dissatisfaction with quantity or quality of sleep Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of sleep-wake disorders?

Excessive energy throughout the day Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of conduct disorder?

Persistent pattern of behavior violating rights or rules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT associated with alcohol use disorder?

Immediate cessation of symptoms upon stopping use Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective occupational therapy intervention for conduct disorder?

Channeling energy into positive occupations Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom describes alcohol intoxication?

Slurred speech and impaired coordination Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding opioid use disorder?

Sustained use leads to tolerance and withdrawal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which component is part of the CAGE alcohol use screening tool?

Have others expressed concern about your drinking habits? Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding alcohol withdrawal is accurate?

Included symptoms are hand tremors and hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to the etiology of conduct disorder?

Subtle neurological deficits Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of impulsivity in individuals with borderline personality disorder?

Intense interpersonal relationships with alternating idealization and devaluation Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT implied in the development of personality disorders?

Educational background Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach is considered most effective for borderline personality disorder?

Behavioral and psychoeducational treatments Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes major neurocognitive disorder from mild neurocognitive disorder?

Presence of significant cognitive decline affecting daily independence in major NCD Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of Alzheimer's Disease?

Progressive cognitive decline and brain atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive domain is NOT part of the changes observed in neurocognitive disorders?

Physical coordination Signup and view all the answers

In occupational therapy for borderline personality disorder, which strategy is aimed at reducing self-harm behaviors?

Promoting the use of sensory strategies Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of vascular neurocognitive disorder?

Presence of one or more cerebrovascular accidents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is characterized by repeated intense need to sleep and can result in sudden attacks of deep sleep?

Narcolepsy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of type 1 narcolepsy?

Cataplexy triggered by strong emotions Signup and view all the answers

What primary factor is associated with obstructive sleep apnea?

Structural abnormalities of the face and airway Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be a comorbidity associated with narcolepsy?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment commonly used for obstructive sleep apnea?

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from disruptions in the circadian system?

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders Signup and view all the answers

In addition to facial structure, what is another contributing factor to obstructive sleep apnea?

Overweight or obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of type 2 narcolepsy that distinguishes it from type 1?

Sleep paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Stage 4 sleep?

Increased brain activity with muscle paralysis Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep disorder is characterized by episodes of terror during sleep that often lead to waking in a panic?

Sleep terrors Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential etiology for Restless Legs Syndrome?

Dopaminergic dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is NOT a recommended treatment for sleep disorders?

Long-term medication use without supervision Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of sleep disorders on everyday functioning?

Increased daytime fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most commonly affected by REM Sleep behavior disorder?

Older men Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep cycle stage involves the body entering sleep, exhibiting light sleep characteristics?

Stage 1 Signup and view all the answers

What common behavioral advice is provided for managing sleep hygiene?

Maintaining a calm bedtime routine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Presence of physical symptoms unexplained by clear medical causes
Absence of physical cause does not mean individual is not suffering
Somatic symptom disorder: patients seek treatment for physical symptoms without clear biological explanations
Comorbidity: often co-occurs with anxiety, depression

Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)

Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, blindness, seizures) without evidence of neurological impairment
Symptoms involve movement and/or senses
Symptoms do not fit typical neurological disorder presentation

Feeding & Eating Disorders

PICA: eating non-food items (e.g., dirt, coins, hair)
Often a pediatric disorder associated with developmental disabilities like autism

Anorexia Nervosa

Restriction of caloric intake leading to significantly low body weight
Intense fear of gaining weight or being fat
Disturbed body image
Excessive concern about body weight

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (e.g., vomiting, laxative use)
Binge eating occurs at least weekly for 3 months or more

Binge Eating Disorder

Recurrent episodes of binge eating.
Feeling of guilt or distress after binge eating
Episodes occur at least once a week for 3 months

Cultural Considerations

Some cultures have strong prescriptions and stigmatize individuals with eating disorders.
Eating disorders vary in frequency across cultures as western diet adoption increases.

Elimination Disorders

Enuresis: repeated involuntary urination in bed or on clothing
Encopresis: repeated defecation in inappropriate places

Sexual Dysfunction and Paraphilic Disorders

Delayed Ejaculation: significant delay or absence of ejaculation during intercourse
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder: difficulty with vaginal penetration due to pain and anticipatory anxiety

Neurocognitive Disorders

Major/Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: significant cognitive decline from previous performance levels affecting daily activities.
Alzheimer's Disease: most common neurocognitive disorder; characterized by progressive decline in memory and cognitive function
Vascular Disease: second most common neurocognitive disorder; resulting from cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)
Parkinson's disease: progressive movement disorder often associated with cognitive decline
Huntington's Disease: genetic disease with progressive motor and cognitive impairments

Sleep Disorders

Obstructive Sleep Apnea & Hypopnea: repetitive breathing pauses during sleep
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: recurrent sleep disturbances due to disruptions in the body's internal clock
Sleep Paralysis: episodes of temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep
Narcolepsy: neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep

Other Disorders

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder: complex motor behaviors during REM sleep
Restless Legs Syndrome: uncontrollable urge to move legs, often accompanied by unpleasant sensations

Intoxication: immediate effects of a substance
Tolerance: needing a higher dose to achieve same effect
Withdrawal: symptoms when substance use stops

Alcohol Use Disorder

Problematic alcohol use with significant distress or impairment over a 12-month period

Treatment and OT Implications

OT practitioners use a combined treatment approach, employing various therapeutic strategies including behavioral techniques and cognitive remediation. These interventions have been proven to aid in improving patients' self-care, emotional regulation, and social communication, which are crucial for daily living and interpersonal relationships.

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Description

This quiz explores various clinical conditions associated with sexual and reproductive health, including genito-pelvic pain and ejaculation difficulties. It also examines the role of occupational therapy for individuals with gender dysphoria and the management of chronic bowel difficulties. Test your knowledge on the psychological factors and treatment strategies related to these health issues.