Clinical Examination Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What clinical findings could a patient with dyslipidemia have?

Arcus Juvenilis

Why do you palpate lymph nodes?

Symmetry and mass lesion

What is a verbal questionnaire to figure out how the patient is feeling?

ROS

How do you calculate pack years for a patient who smoked 0.5 pack a day for 50 years?

<p>25 pack years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drug could a patient be on if they have excessive lacrimation, dilated pupils, and red eyes?

<p>Marijuana</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the vital signs?

<p>Temperature, pulse, respiration, BP, BMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HEENT stand for?

<p>Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal pulse rate is ______ and breaths/min is ______.

<p>60-100, 14-20</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease could a patient with diplopia and increased heart rate have?

<p>Hyperthyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What number do you start the BP cuff at?

<p>200 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percent of people that get COVID get pneumonia?

<p>13.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm with multiple organ failure most commonly occurs 10 days after onset.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you put your transilluminator at the brow bone and illuminate up, what sinus are you looking at?

<p>Frontal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are you looking for when you transilluminate the sinus?

<p>H2O line and tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common +PAN?

<p>Viral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about a bruit? (Select two)

<p>Can hear after 50% stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least likely symptom in allergic rhinitis?

<p>Nasal mucous discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is probably the diagnosis for a patient with an allergic shiner?

<p>Allergic Rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a disease with reduced alveolar surface area?

<p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient presents with bitot spot, what do you ask them?

<p>Do you have steatorrhea, thick discharge?</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient does a tear lab, which is true?

<p>Abnormal results yield inflammatory dry eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hg has a ______ affinity for O2 over CO2.

<p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reaction do basophils mediate?

<p>Allergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are likely causes of a particular blood condition? (Pick two)

<p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's another name for a heart attack?

<p>Myocardial Infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has platelet abnormalities, what is a likely presentation?

<p>Petechiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cardiochek measure?

<p>Total cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a patient be diagnosed as diabetic based on their A1c and FPG?

<p>FPG taken &gt;2x as high</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important risk factor for a former smoker and alcoholic with high blood sugar?

<p>His uncontrolled hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

A1c is good for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Peak Flow Meter measures peak expiratory flow with a handheld device in patients with asthma or chronic bronchitis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical findings could a patient with dyslipidemia have?

<p>Arcus Juvenilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do you palpate lymph nodes?

<p>Symmetry and mass lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a verbal questionnaire to figure out how the patient is feeling?

<p>ROS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate pack years for a patient who smoked 0.5 pack a day for 50 years.

<p>25 pack years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drug could a patient with excessive lacrimation, dilated pupils, and red eyes be on?

<p>Marijuana</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the vital signs?

<p>Temperature, pulse, respiration, BP, BMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HEENT stand for?

<p>Head, eyes, ears, nose, throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal pulse rate is between ____ and ____ beats per minute.

<p>60-100</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal respirations per minute range from ____ to ____.

<p>14-20</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease could a patient with diplopia and increased heart rate have?

<p>Hyperthyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what number do you start the BP cuff?

<p>200 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percent of people who get COVID develop pneumonia?

<p>13.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm with multiple organ failure most commonly occurs 10 days after onset.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you put your transilluminator at the brow bone and illuminate upwards, what sinus are you looking at?

<p>Frontal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are you looking for when you transilluminate the sinus?

<p>H2O line and tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of positive PAN?

<p>Viral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about a bruit? (Pick 2)

<p>It is common to hear it in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least likely symptom in allergic rhinitis?

<p>Nasal mucous discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a probable diagnosis for a patient with an allergic shiner?

<p>Allergic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a disease with reduced alveolar surface area?

<p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient presents with bitot spot, what do you ask them?

<p>Do you have steatorrhea, thick discharge?</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true if the patient does a tear lab?

<p>Abnormal results yield inflammatory dry eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hg has a ____ affinity for O2 over CO2.

<p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reaction do basophils mediate?

<p>Allergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is HCt an abbreviation for?

<p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients with leukocytosis can be caused by which of the following? (Pick 2)

<p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's another name for a heart attack?

<p>Myocardial Infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient has platelet abnormalities, what is a likely presentation?

<p>Petechiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cardiochek measure?

<p>Total cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can you use to diagnose a patient as diabetic with the given symptoms?

<p>FPG taken &gt;2x as high</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important risk factor in a former smoker and alcoholic with high blood sugar?

<p>Uncontrolled hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is false about A1c? Good for T1 and T2, only good for T2.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peak Flow Meter measures peak expiratory flow with a handheld device in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical findings could a patient with dyslipidemia have?

<p>Arcus Juvenilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do you palpate lymph nodes?

<p>Symmetry and mass lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a verbal questionnaire to figure out how the patient is feeling?

<p>ROS (Review of Systems)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate a pack year if a patient smoked 0.5 pack a day for 50 years.

<p>25 pack years</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient had excessive lacrimation, dilated pupils, and red eyes, what drug might they be on?

<p>Marijuana</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the vital signs?

<p>Temperature, pulse, respiration, BP, BMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HEENT stand for?

<p>Head, eyes, ears, nose, throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's a normal pulse rate and breaths per minute?

<p>normal pulse rate (60-100) and breaths/min 14-20</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has diplopia and increased heart rate, what disease could they have?

<p>Hyperthyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What number do you start the blood pressure cuff at?

<p>200 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percent of people that get COVID also get pneumonia?

<p>13.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storm with multiple organ failure most commonly occurs 10 days after onset.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you put your transilluminator at the brow bone and illuminate up, what sinus are you looking at?

<p>Frontal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are you looking for when you transilluminate the sinus?

<p>H2O line and tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common +PAN?

<p>Viral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about a bruit? (Pick 2)

<p>Can hear after 50% stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least likely symptom in allergic rhinitis?

<p>Nasal mucous discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is probably the diagnosis for a patient with an allergic shiner?

<p>Allergic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a disease with reduced alveolar surface area?

<p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient presents with a bitot spot, what do you ask them?

<p>Do you have steatorrhea, thick discharge?</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient does a tear lab, which is true?

<p>Abnormal results yield inflammatory dry eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hg has a _____ affinity for O2 over CO2?

<p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reaction do basophils mediate?

<p>Allergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the likely causes of abnormal lab results?

<p>I chose all of the ones outside of the range</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HCt stand for?

<p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients with leukocytosis (too many WBCs) can be caused by (pick 2)?

<p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's another name for heart attack?

<p>Myocardial Infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient has platelet abnormalities, what is a likely presentation?

<p>Petechiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cardiochek measure?

<p>Total cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to diagnose diabetes in a patient with MAs, flame-shaped hemorrhages, and CWS?

<p>FPG taken &gt;2x as high</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important risk factor in a former smoker and alcoholic with high blood sugar?

<p>His uncontrolled hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is false about A1c?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peak Flow Meter measures peak expiratory flow with a handheld device in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical findings could a patient with dyslipidemia have?

<p>Arcus Juvenilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do you palpate lymph nodes?

<p>Symmetry and mass lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a verbal questionnaire to figure out how the patient is feeling?

<p>ROS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate a pack year if a patient smoked 0.5 pack a day for 50 years.

<p>25 pack years</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient had excessive lacrimation, dilated pupils, and red eyes, what drug might they be on?

<p>Marijuana</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the vital signs?

<p>Temperature, pulse, respiration, BP, BMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HEENT stand for?

<p>Head, eyes, ears, nose, throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal pulse rate is _____ and breaths/min is _____

<p>60-100; 14-20</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has diplopia and increased heart rate, what disease could they have?

<p>Hyperthyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what number do you start the BP cuff?

<p>200 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percent of people who get COVID get pneumonia? (Choose one)

<p>13.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm with multiple organ failure most commonly occurs 10 days after onset.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you put your transilluminator at the brow bone and illuminate up, what sinus are you looking at?

<p>Frontal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are you looking for when you transilluminate the sinus?

<p>H2O line and tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common +PAN?

<p>Viral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about a bruit? (Pick 2)

<p>It is common to hear it in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least likely symptom in allergic rhinitis? (Choose one)

<p>SOB with exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is probably the diagnosis for a patient with allergic shiner?

<p>Allergic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a disease with reduced alveolar surface area?

<p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient presents with Bitot spot, what do you ask them?

<p>Do you have steatorrhea, thick discharge?</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient does a tear lab, which is true?

<p>Abnormal results yield inflammatory dry eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hg has a _____ affinity for O2 over CO2.

<p>lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reaction do basophils mediate?

<p>Allergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HCt stand for?

<p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients with leukocytosis can be caused by (pick 2)?

<p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's another name for heart attack?

<p>Myocardial Infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient has platelet abnormalities, what is a likely presentation?

<p>Petechiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cardiochek measure?

<p>Total cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with MAs, flame-shaped hemorrhages, and CWS, A1c=6.0% and FPG 200, what can you use to diagnose him as diabetic?

<p>FPG taken &gt;2x as high</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient was a former smoker and alcoholic but his blood sugar is really high, what's the most important risk factor in this patient?

<p>His uncontrolled hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

A1c is good for T1+2, but only good for T2?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Peak Flow Meter measures peak expiratory flow with a handheld device in patients with asthma, chronic bronchitis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Clinical Findings in Dyslipidemia

  • Arcus Juvenilis: a clinical finding associated with dyslipidemia, characterized by a gray or white arc around the cornea.

Palpation of Lymph Nodes

  • Symmetry and mass lesions are assessed during lymph node palpation to detect infections or malignancies.

Patient Assessment

  • ROS (Review of Systems) is a verbal questionnaire designed to evaluate a patient's overall health and symptoms.

Smoking History Calculation

  • Pack years calculated by multiplying daily packs smoked by the number of years smoked; example: 0.5 pack daily for 50 years equals 25 pack years.

Drug Effects on Eyes

  • Excessive lacrimation, dilated pupils, and red eyes can indicate marijuana use.

Vital Signs Definition

  • Vital signs consist of temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI).

HEENT Components

  • HEENT stands for Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat.

Normal Ranges

  • Normal pulse rate: 60-100 beats per minute; normal breathing rate: 14-20 breaths per minute.

Potential Disease Indicators

  • Diplopia and increased heart rate may indicate hyperthyroidism.

Blood Pressure Cuff Measurement

  • Start blood pressure cuff inflation at 200 mmHg.

COVID-19 Complications

  • Approximately 13.8% of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 develop pneumonia.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  • ARDS is often associated with a cytokine storm and multiple organ failure, typically occurring around 10 days post-onset, with confusion regarding timing noted on tests.

Sinus Transillumination

  • Transilluminating the frontal sinus involves placing a transilluminator at the brow bone and illuminating upward.

Sinus Evaluation Criteria

  • When transilluminating, observe for the presence of an H2O line and tenderness in the sinus area.

Most Common Positive PAN

  • Viral infections are identified as the most common cause of positive PAN (peripheral angiopathy).

Bruit Characteristics

  • A bruit can be detected after 50% stenosis and is common to hear in children.

Symptom Assessment in Allergic Rhinitis

  • Nasal mucous discharge is less likely to be a symptom in allergic rhinitis; other symptoms such as shortness of breath during exercise related to asthma may also be present.

Allergic Shiner Diagnosis

  • Allergic shiners may indicate the presence of allergic rhinitis.

Disease Impacting Alveolar Surface Area

  • Emphysema is characterized by reduced alveolar surface area.

Bitot Spot Inquiry

  • Patients with Bitot spots (xerophthalmia) should be asked about symptoms like steatorrhea and thick discharge.

Tear Lab Results

  • Abnormal results from a tear lab suggest inflammatory dry eye conditions.

Hemoglobin Affinity

  • Hemoglobin has a lower affinity for O2 compared to CO2.

Basophil Reactions

  • Basophils are involved in mediating allergic reactions.

Lab Results Assessment

  • Identifying causes of abnormal lab results typically involves selecting values outside normal ranges.

HCt Definition

  • HCt stands for Hematocrit, which measures the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

Causes of Leukocytosis

  • Inflammation and smoking are two contributing factors to leukocytosis (elevated white blood cell count).

Heart Attack Synonym

  • Myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack.

Presentation of Platelet Abnormalities

  • Petechiae are common clinical findings in patients with platelet abnormalities.

Cardiochek Measurement

  • The Cardiochek device measures total cholesterol levels in patients.

Diabetes Diagnosis Criteria

  • A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level greater than 200 mg/dL, taken more than twice, can confirm a diabetes diagnosis.

Key Risk Factors

  • Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is the most critical risk factor for a patient with a history of smoking and alcohol use, especially when blood sugar is significantly high.

A1c Test Limitations

  • A1c is reliable for diagnosing Type 2 diabetes but not for Type 1 diabetes exclusively.

Peak Flow Meter Functionality

  • A peak flow meter assesses peak expiratory flow in patients suffering from asthma or chronic bronchitis.

Clinical Findings in Dyslipidemia

  • Arcus Juvenilis: a clinical finding associated with dyslipidemia, characterized by a gray or white arc around the cornea.

Palpation of Lymph Nodes

  • Symmetry and mass lesions are assessed during lymph node palpation to detect infections or malignancies.

Patient Assessment

  • ROS (Review of Systems) is a verbal questionnaire designed to evaluate a patient's overall health and symptoms.

Smoking History Calculation

  • Pack years calculated by multiplying daily packs smoked by the number of years smoked; example: 0.5 pack daily for 50 years equals 25 pack years.

Drug Effects on Eyes

  • Excessive lacrimation, dilated pupils, and red eyes can indicate marijuana use.

Vital Signs Definition

  • Vital signs consist of temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI).

HEENT Components

  • HEENT stands for Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat.

Normal Ranges

  • Normal pulse rate: 60-100 beats per minute; normal breathing rate: 14-20 breaths per minute.

Potential Disease Indicators

  • Diplopia and increased heart rate may indicate hyperthyroidism.

Blood Pressure Cuff Measurement

  • Start blood pressure cuff inflation at 200 mmHg.

COVID-19 Complications

  • Approximately 13.8% of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 develop pneumonia.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  • ARDS is often associated with a cytokine storm and multiple organ failure, typically occurring around 10 days post-onset, with confusion regarding timing noted on tests.

Sinus Transillumination

  • Transilluminating the frontal sinus involves placing a transilluminator at the brow bone and illuminating upward.

Sinus Evaluation Criteria

  • When transilluminating, observe for the presence of an H2O line and tenderness in the sinus area.

Most Common Positive PAN

  • Viral infections are identified as the most common cause of positive PAN (peripheral angiopathy).

Bruit Characteristics

  • A bruit can be detected after 50% stenosis and is common to hear in children.

Symptom Assessment in Allergic Rhinitis

  • Nasal mucous discharge is less likely to be a symptom in allergic rhinitis; other symptoms such as shortness of breath during exercise related to asthma may also be present.

Allergic Shiner Diagnosis

  • Allergic shiners may indicate the presence of allergic rhinitis.

Disease Impacting Alveolar Surface Area

  • Emphysema is characterized by reduced alveolar surface area.

Bitot Spot Inquiry

  • Patients with Bitot spots (xerophthalmia) should be asked about symptoms like steatorrhea and thick discharge.

Tear Lab Results

  • Abnormal results from a tear lab suggest inflammatory dry eye conditions.

Hemoglobin Affinity

  • Hemoglobin has a lower affinity for O2 compared to CO2.

Basophil Reactions

  • Basophils are involved in mediating allergic reactions.

Lab Results Assessment

  • Identifying causes of abnormal lab results typically involves selecting values outside normal ranges.

HCt Definition

  • HCt stands for Hematocrit, which measures the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

Causes of Leukocytosis

  • Inflammation and smoking are two contributing factors to leukocytosis (elevated white blood cell count).

Heart Attack Synonym

  • Myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack.

Presentation of Platelet Abnormalities

  • Petechiae are common clinical findings in patients with platelet abnormalities.

Cardiochek Measurement

  • The Cardiochek device measures total cholesterol levels in patients.

Diabetes Diagnosis Criteria

  • A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level greater than 200 mg/dL, taken more than twice, can confirm a diabetes diagnosis.

Key Risk Factors

  • Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is the most critical risk factor for a patient with a history of smoking and alcohol use, especially when blood sugar is significantly high.

A1c Test Limitations

  • A1c is reliable for diagnosing Type 2 diabetes but not for Type 1 diabetes exclusively.

Peak Flow Meter Functionality

  • A peak flow meter assesses peak expiratory flow in patients suffering from asthma or chronic bronchitis.

Clinical Findings in Dyslipidemia

  • Arcus Juvenilis: a clinical finding associated with dyslipidemia, characterized by a gray or white arc around the cornea.

Palpation of Lymph Nodes

  • Symmetry and mass lesions are assessed during lymph node palpation to detect infections or malignancies.

Patient Assessment

  • ROS (Review of Systems) is a verbal questionnaire designed to evaluate a patient's overall health and symptoms.

Smoking History Calculation

  • Pack years calculated by multiplying daily packs smoked by the number of years smoked; example: 0.5 pack daily for 50 years equals 25 pack years.

Drug Effects on Eyes

  • Excessive lacrimation, dilated pupils, and red eyes can indicate marijuana use.

Vital Signs Definition

  • Vital signs consist of temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI).

HEENT Components

  • HEENT stands for Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat.

Normal Ranges

  • Normal pulse rate: 60-100 beats per minute; normal breathing rate: 14-20 breaths per minute.

Potential Disease Indicators

  • Diplopia and increased heart rate may indicate hyperthyroidism.

Blood Pressure Cuff Measurement

  • Start blood pressure cuff inflation at 200 mmHg.

COVID-19 Complications

  • Approximately 13.8% of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 develop pneumonia.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  • ARDS is often associated with a cytokine storm and multiple organ failure, typically occurring around 10 days post-onset, with confusion regarding timing noted on tests.

Sinus Transillumination

  • Transilluminating the frontal sinus involves placing a transilluminator at the brow bone and illuminating upward.

Sinus Evaluation Criteria

  • When transilluminating, observe for the presence of an H2O line and tenderness in the sinus area.

Most Common Positive PAN

  • Viral infections are identified as the most common cause of positive PAN (peripheral angiopathy).

Bruit Characteristics

  • A bruit can be detected after 50% stenosis and is common to hear in children.

Symptom Assessment in Allergic Rhinitis

  • Nasal mucous discharge is less likely to be a symptom in allergic rhinitis; other symptoms such as shortness of breath during exercise related to asthma may also be present.

Allergic Shiner Diagnosis

  • Allergic shiners may indicate the presence of allergic rhinitis.

Disease Impacting Alveolar Surface Area

  • Emphysema is characterized by reduced alveolar surface area.

Bitot Spot Inquiry

  • Patients with Bitot spots (xerophthalmia) should be asked about symptoms like steatorrhea and thick discharge.

Tear Lab Results

  • Abnormal results from a tear lab suggest inflammatory dry eye conditions.

Hemoglobin Affinity

  • Hemoglobin has a lower affinity for O2 compared to CO2.

Basophil Reactions

  • Basophils are involved in mediating allergic reactions.

Lab Results Assessment

  • Identifying causes of abnormal lab results typically involves selecting values outside normal ranges.

HCt Definition

  • HCt stands for Hematocrit, which measures the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

Causes of Leukocytosis

  • Inflammation and smoking are two contributing factors to leukocytosis (elevated white blood cell count).

Heart Attack Synonym

  • Myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack.

Presentation of Platelet Abnormalities

  • Petechiae are common clinical findings in patients with platelet abnormalities.

Cardiochek Measurement

  • The Cardiochek device measures total cholesterol levels in patients.

Diabetes Diagnosis Criteria

  • A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level greater than 200 mg/dL, taken more than twice, can confirm a diabetes diagnosis.

Key Risk Factors

  • Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is the most critical risk factor for a patient with a history of smoking and alcohol use, especially when blood sugar is significantly high.

A1c Test Limitations

  • A1c is reliable for diagnosing Type 2 diabetes but not for Type 1 diabetes exclusively.

Peak Flow Meter Functionality

  • A peak flow meter assesses peak expiratory flow in patients suffering from asthma or chronic bronchitis.

Clinical Findings in Dyslipidemia

  • Arcus Juvenilis: a clinical finding associated with dyslipidemia, characterized by a gray or white arc around the cornea.

Palpation of Lymph Nodes

  • Symmetry and mass lesions are assessed during lymph node palpation to detect infections or malignancies.

Patient Assessment

  • ROS (Review of Systems) is a verbal questionnaire designed to evaluate a patient's overall health and symptoms.

Smoking History Calculation

  • Pack years calculated by multiplying daily packs smoked by the number of years smoked; example: 0.5 pack daily for 50 years equals 25 pack years.

Drug Effects on Eyes

  • Excessive lacrimation, dilated pupils, and red eyes can indicate marijuana use.

Vital Signs Definition

  • Vital signs consist of temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI).

HEENT Components

  • HEENT stands for Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat.

Normal Ranges

  • Normal pulse rate: 60-100 beats per minute; normal breathing rate: 14-20 breaths per minute.

Potential Disease Indicators

  • Diplopia and increased heart rate may indicate hyperthyroidism.

Blood Pressure Cuff Measurement

  • Start blood pressure cuff inflation at 200 mmHg.

COVID-19 Complications

  • Approximately 13.8% of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 develop pneumonia.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  • ARDS is often associated with a cytokine storm and multiple organ failure, typically occurring around 10 days post-onset, with confusion regarding timing noted on tests.

Sinus Transillumination

  • Transilluminating the frontal sinus involves placing a transilluminator at the brow bone and illuminating upward.

Sinus Evaluation Criteria

  • When transilluminating, observe for the presence of an H2O line and tenderness in the sinus area.

Most Common Positive PAN

  • Viral infections are identified as the most common cause of positive PAN (peripheral angiopathy).

Bruit Characteristics

  • A bruit can be detected after 50% stenosis and is common to hear in children.

Symptom Assessment in Allergic Rhinitis

  • Nasal mucous discharge is less likely to be a symptom in allergic rhinitis; other symptoms such as shortness of breath during exercise related to asthma may also be present.

Allergic Shiner Diagnosis

  • Allergic shiners may indicate the presence of allergic rhinitis.

Disease Impacting Alveolar Surface Area

  • Emphysema is characterized by reduced alveolar surface area.

Bitot Spot Inquiry

  • Patients with Bitot spots (xerophthalmia) should be asked about symptoms like steatorrhea and thick discharge.

Tear Lab Results

  • Abnormal results from a tear lab suggest inflammatory dry eye conditions.

Hemoglobin Affinity

  • Hemoglobin has a lower affinity for O2 compared to CO2.

Basophil Reactions

  • Basophils are involved in mediating allergic reactions.

Lab Results Assessment

  • Identifying causes of abnormal lab results typically involves selecting values outside normal ranges.

HCt Definition

  • HCt stands for Hematocrit, which measures the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

Causes of Leukocytosis

  • Inflammation and smoking are two contributing factors to leukocytosis (elevated white blood cell count).

Heart Attack Synonym

  • Myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack.

Presentation of Platelet Abnormalities

  • Petechiae are common clinical findings in patients with platelet abnormalities.

Cardiochek Measurement

  • The Cardiochek device measures total cholesterol levels in patients.

Diabetes Diagnosis Criteria

  • A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level greater than 200 mg/dL, taken more than twice, can confirm a diabetes diagnosis.

Key Risk Factors

  • Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is the most critical risk factor for a patient with a history of smoking and alcohol use, especially when blood sugar is significantly high.

A1c Test Limitations

  • A1c is reliable for diagnosing Type 2 diabetes but not for Type 1 diabetes exclusively.

Peak Flow Meter Functionality

  • A peak flow meter assesses peak expiratory flow in patients suffering from asthma or chronic bronchitis.

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Test your knowledge on clinical findings and assessments related to dyslipidemia, lymph nodes, and vital signs. This quiz covers various topics including pack years calculation and drug effects. Enhance your understanding of patient evaluation and common clinical scenarios.

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