Respiratory Disorders and Clinical Findings
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Questions and Answers

The clinical finding of pink frothy sputum may be an indication of ( )

pulmonary edema

Foul-smelling sputum and bad breath may indicate ( )

signs of lung abscess or bronchiectasis

( ) is more accurate in detecting malignancies than a CT scan.

PET scan

What does COPD stand for?

<p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is COR-PULMONALE?

<p>Hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Empyema?

<p>Pus in the pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Frail Chest?

<p>Chest wall trauma resulting in multiple fractured ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Emphysema?

<p>A lung disorder resulting in alveolar destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Respiratory Acidosis is associated with late stage emphysema along with ( )

<p>hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Hemothorax?

<p>A collection of blood or fluid in the pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Influenza?

<p>A viral respiratory infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Laryngeal Cancer?

<p>Cancer of the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common cause of pneumonia is ( )

<p>Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pneumonia symptoms include fever, cough, and ( )

<p>fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Pneumothorax?

<p>A collapse of a portion or the entire lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of Pneumothorax?

<p>Spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Pulmonary Embolus = Blockage of a pulmonary artery by blood, fat or foreign product Thoracentesis = Procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space ABG test = Evaluates gas exchange in the blood Bronchoscopy = Direct inspection of the trachea and bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Chest Tube?

<p>To remove fluid from the pleural space and to re-expand the collapsed lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Mechanical Ventilators do?

<p>Move oxygen-enriched air into and out of the lungs mechanically</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory agents available in systemic or ( ) form.

<p>inhaled</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expectorant?

<p>A medication that helps to thin mucus for easier expectoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

The side effects of corticosteroids may include increased ( ) and blood glucose levels.

<p>blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing a Sputum Analysis, what type of specimens are preferred?

<p>A deep early morning specimen must be obtained and preferably three specimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the diagnostic tests for Tuberculosis?

<p>PPD, Chest X-Ray, and definitive sputum cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Disorders and Clinical Findings

  • Pink frothy sputum indicates Pulmonary Edema, often rising into the throat.
  • Foul-smelling sputum may signal lung abscess, bronchiectasis, or anaerobic infections.
  • PET scans provide more accurate detection of malignancies than CT scans and have equivalent accuracy to invasive procedures like thoracoscopy.

Chronic Conditions

  • COPD represents a group of chronic pulmonary diseases, often linked with asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis, causing airflow obstruction.
  • Cor-Pulmonale refers to right ventricular hypertrophy due to pulmonary hypertension, leading to right-sided heart failure.
  • Emphysema results in alveolar destruction, leading to overinflation, loss of elasticity, reduced gas exchange, and a barrel-shaped chest.
  • Bronchiectasis is characterized by bronchial dilation, excess mucus, and can lead to cor-pulmonale.

Respiratory Symptoms and Emergencies

  • Respiratory acidosis and respiratory failure are complications associated with late-stage emphysema and manifest with hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
  • Sleep Apnea causes airflow obstruction, leading to saturation drops.
  • Status Asthmaticus indicates a prolonged asthma attack requiring immediate intervention.
  • Pulmonary Embolus is a blockage in a pulmonary artery by substances such as blood clots or fats.
  • Hemothorax is the accumulation of blood in the pleural space, which may necessitate chest tube drainage.
  • Pneumonia involves lung inflammation from pathogens and is typically presented with symptoms such as fever and cough.
  • Pleural Effusion refers to excessive fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity caused by hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure imbalances.

Diagnostic Tests

  • ABG tests assess gas exchange in the blood by measuring pH, PaCO2, HCO3, and PaO2.
  • Chest X-ray helps visualize lung lesions and abnormalities, important for diagnosing conditions like pneumonia and pneumothorax.
  • Thoracentesis is employed for sampling pleural fluid or relieving fluid accumulation and requires careful monitoring post-procedure.

Treatment Options and Interventions

  • Corticosteroids (like Decadron, Medrol) control inflammation in respiratory disorders.
  • Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists (e.g., Albuterol) promote bronchodilation and are preferred in inhaled form to reduce systemic effects.
  • Mucolytics (e.g., Mucomyst) decrease mucus viscosity for easier expectoration.

Surgical and Invasive Procedures

  • Lung Biopsy and Thoracotomy are interventions for examining or accessing lung tissue, respectively.
  • Pneumonectomy involves the removal of an entire lung, while lobectomy pertains to the resection of a lung lobe.

Side Effects and Precautions

  • Corticosteroids may cause elevated blood pressure, increased glucose levels, and thrush, necessitating mouth rinsing after use.
  • Leukotriene Antagonists like Singulair help prevent asthma but may elevate liver enzymes.

Monitoring and Management

  • Continuous monitoring is vital for patients on mechanical ventilators to assess the effectiveness of ventilation settings and patient status.
  • The patient’s position during and post procedures can influence outcomes, such as placing patients on the unaffected side post-lobectomy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on respiratory disorders and their clinical findings. This quiz covers topics such as COPD, pulmonary edema, and diagnostic techniques like PET scans. Understand the symptoms, causes, and management of various chronic respiratory conditions.

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