Clinical Examination of the Urinary System
29 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the typical appearance of normal urine in horses?

  • Turbid and opaque (correct)
  • Clear and transparent
  • Light yellow
  • Intensely golden yellow

    • What indicates abnormally increased viscosity in urine?

  • Normal cow urine
  • Color changes in urine
  • Fresh horse urine
  • Presence of inflammatory products (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about urine pH is accurate?

  • Cattle urine is generally acidic.
  • Urine from dogs is typically alkaline.
  • Urine from horses is usually acidic.
  • Cat urine is generally acidic. (correct)

    • What procedural step follows centrifugation of urine for microscopic examination?

    <p>Coverslip placement on the sediment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of intense golden yellow urine coloration?

    <p>Febrile conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by an enlarged kidney?

    <p>Acute nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a doughy consistency of a kidney indicate?

    <p>Abscess formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination method is typically used for assessing the ureters?

    <p>Rectal palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal finding for the surface condition of a kidney?

    <p>Smooth and lobulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be determined by detecting thickened walls of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does catheterization serve in veterinary practice?

    <p>To collect urine samples for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication could arise due to urethral obstruction in males?

    <p>Overdistension of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which species does the urethra have a process leading to urine retention?

    <p>Ram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates abnormal posture during urination in animals?

    <p>Specific behaviors suggestive of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical urination frequency for horses and cattle?

    <p>5-6 times daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the kidney examined in large animals?

    <p>By rectal palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kidney shape is associated with cattle?

    <p>Lobulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distended rumen on the left kidney in cattle?

    <p>It shifts across the median plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is typical for a male dog during urination?

    <p>Raising and abducting one hind limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common condition can cause pollakuria in animals?

    <p>Bladder irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the right kidney located in a horse?

    <p>Ventral to the 1st lumbar vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions does the urinary system NOT perform?

    <p>Regulation of body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a significant increase in urine volume?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for painful urination?

    <p>Dysuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible manifestation of renal failure?

    <p>Depression and muscular weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of oliguria?

    <p>Fluid loss from dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the presence of blood in the urine?

    <p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by a complete absence of urine?

    <p>Anuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential laboratory finding in uremia?

    <p>Increased uric acid levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Clinical Examination of the Urinary System

    • Function of the urinary system:
      • Excretion of metabolic waste products (urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, and hydrogen ions).
      • Regulation of blood constituents (water, glucose, amino acids, and minerals).
      • Regulates blood pressure (via renin enzyme).
      • Maintains homeostasis of blood (via erythropoietin hormone).
      • Regulates acid-base balance.
      • Regulates osmotic pressure.

    Principal Manifestations of Urinary Tract Diseases

    • Abnormal constituents of urine:

      • Proteinuria (albuminuria)
      • Hematuria
      • Myoglobinuria
      • Pyuria
      • Bile pigments
      • Glucosuria
      • Ketonuria
      • Hemoglobinuria
      • Crystaluria
      • Casts and cells
      • Creatinuria

    • Changes in urine volume:

      • Polyuria: Increased urine volume; can result from excessive water intake, diuretic administration, or conditions like diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, chronic interstitial nephritis, or chronic nephrosis.
      • Oliguria: Decreased urine volume; associated with fluid loss (dehydration, diarrhea, reduced water intake), partial urethral obstruction, or complete urethral obstruction.
      • Anuria: Complete absence of urine; often due to complete urethral obstruction.

    Renal Failure

    • Definition: The terminal stage of renal insufficiency, marked by progressive damage to nephrons, resulting in the complete loss of kidney function.

    • Symptoms: Uremia (terminal stage of renal failure) is characterized by depression, muscular weakness, tremors, and loss of body condition (resulting from hypoproteinemia), myocardial asthenia (due to hypokalemia and hyponatremia), and labored breathing with a urine-like odor.

    Clinical Examination of the Urinary System

    • Act of Urination (Posture):

      • Cattle: Elevated tails, slight arching of back, hind limbs abduction.
      • Male Cattle: No penis protrusion, urine discharge exits from the prepuce.
      • Horses: Forelimb extension, lowered abdomen, increased intra-abdominal pressure. Stallion: penis protrusion.
      • Other animals (sheep, dogs) have slightly different postures.

    • Frequency of Urination:

      • Variations dependent on water intake, metabolic processes, defecation, and lactation. Horses / cattle (5-6 times daily), sheep / goats (1-3 times daily).

    • Examination of Kidneys: - Large animals (rectal palpation) - Small animals (external palpation)

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Clinical Examination of the Urinary System PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the clinical examination of the urinary system, focusing on its function and the principal manifestations of urinary tract diseases. Topics include the regulation of blood constituents, abnormal urine constituents, and changes in urine volume. Test your knowledge of these critical aspects of urinary health.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser