Clinical Chemistry II: Introduction to Toxicology - Dose-Response Relationship
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Questions and Answers

What type of exposure does the Chronic Toxicity Rating refer to?

  • Single short-term exposure
  • Exposure to extremely high doses
  • No exposure at all
  • Repeated and frequent exposure for an extended period of time (correct)

    • Which route of administration is often associated with the highest bioavailability for most substances?

  • Intramuscular (correct)
  • Oral
  • Inhalation
  • Percutaneous

    • What is the lethal dose range for substances classified as 'Very Toxic'?

  • 0.5-5.0 g/kg
  • 5-50 mg/kg (correct)
  • Less than 5 mg/kg
  • 50-500 mg/kg

    • What does the LD50 measure in toxicology?

    <p>The lethal dose that kills 50% of the test population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does LD50 stand for in toxicology?

    <p>Lethal dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exposure is defined as Chronic in toxicological terms?

    <p>Long-term exposure at doses insufficient to cause immediate acute response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the ratio of TD50 to ED50?

    <p>Therapeutic Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In toxicology, what does TD50 represent?

    <p>The dose that causes immediate toxic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In toxicology, what does TD50 represent?

    <p>Toxic dose predicted to produce a toxic response in 50% of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ED50 represent in toxicology?

    <p>Effective dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is potency defined in the context of toxicology?

    <p>Amount needed for a specific effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between toxicity and the amount needed to produce harmful effects?

    <p>The less toxic a substance, the smaller the amount needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the quantitative effects of chemicals on biologic tissue?

    <p>Toxicology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known as the father of Modern Toxicology and introduced quantitative methodology into the study of the actions of chemicals on animals?

    <p>Mateu Joseph Bonaventura Orfila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field is focused on the relationship between xenobiotics and disease states?

    <p>Clinical Toxicology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Paracelsus establish in toxicology?

    <p>&quot;The dose makes the poison&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are substances that are not normally found in the body and can have adverse effects on a living organism called?

    <p>Xenobiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline uses results from animal experiments to predict harmful exposure levels in humans?

    <p>Regulatory Toxicology</p> Signup and view all the answers

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