Clinical Chemistry II: Introduction to Toxicology - Dose-Response Relationship

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What type of exposure does the Chronic Toxicity Rating refer to?

Repeated and frequent exposure for an extended period of time

Which route of administration is often associated with the highest bioavailability for most substances?

Intramuscular

What is the lethal dose range for substances classified as 'Very Toxic'?

5-50 mg/kg

What does the LD50 measure in toxicology?

<p>The lethal dose that kills 50% of the test population</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does LD50 stand for in toxicology?

<p>Lethal dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exposure is defined as Chronic in toxicological terms?

<p>Long-term exposure at doses insufficient to cause immediate acute response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the ratio of TD50 to ED50?

<p>Therapeutic Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

In toxicology, what does TD50 represent?

<p>The dose that causes immediate toxic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

In toxicology, what does TD50 represent?

<p>Toxic dose predicted to produce a toxic response in 50% of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ED50 represent in toxicology?

<p>Effective dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is potency defined in the context of toxicology?

<p>Amount needed for a specific effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between toxicity and the amount needed to produce harmful effects?

<p>The less toxic a substance, the smaller the amount needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the quantitative effects of chemicals on biologic tissue?

<p>Toxicology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was known as the father of Modern Toxicology and introduced quantitative methodology into the study of the actions of chemicals on animals?

<p>Mateu Joseph Bonaventura Orfila</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field is focused on the relationship between xenobiotics and disease states?

<p>Clinical Toxicology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Paracelsus establish in toxicology?

<p>&quot;The dose makes the poison&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are substances that are not normally found in the body and can have adverse effects on a living organism called?

<p>Xenobiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discipline uses results from animal experiments to predict harmful exposure levels in humans?

<p>Regulatory Toxicology</p> Signup and view all the answers

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