30 Questions
What suffix is attached to a description of the chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme?
-ase
What is the role of the active site in an enzyme molecule?
To participate in substrate binding and catalysis
What is the result of the binding of the substrate to the enzyme?
A conformational change in the enzyme
What is the term for the number of molecules of substrate converted to product per enzyme molecule per second?
Turnover number
What is a characteristic of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
They are highly specific
What is the term for RNAs with catalytic activity?
Ribozymes
What is the term for an active enzyme with its nonprotein component?
Holoenzyme
Which type of molecule is a cofactor?
Metal ion
What is the purpose of compartmentalization of enzymes in specific organelles within the cell?
To isolate the reaction substrate or product from other competing reactions
What is the term for the energy required to convert a substance from ground state to transition state?
Activation energy
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
It accelerates the reaction
How does the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction change with an increase in substrate concentration?
It increases gradually within a limited range
What is the term for a small organic molecule that is required for enzymatic activity and transiently associates with the enzyme?
Cosubstrate
What is the term for the increase in enzyme velocity when the temperature is increased by 10°C?
Q10
What is the theory that explains the action of catalysts?
Transition state theory
What is the typical temperature range for optimal enzyme activity?
35°C-40°C
Why do some enzymes, like Taq DNA polymerase, remain active at high temperatures?
Due to their very stable structure and conformation
How does the velocity of an enzyme reaction change with an increase in temperature?
It increases gradually and then declines
At what pH does the enzyme pepsin in the stomach work best?
pH 2
What happens to enzyme activity when the product concentration increases?
It decreases
What is the effect of ultraviolet radiation on certain enzymes?
It inhibits them
What is the Michaelis constant (Km) representative of?
The enzyme's affinity for its substrate
What is the typical pH range at which most enzymes function?
pH 6 to 8
What does a low value of Km indicate?
Strong substrate-enzyme affinity
What is the primary function of enzymes in the body?
To channel reactants into useful pathways
What suffix is commonly attached to the substrate of the reaction in enzyme names?
-ase
How many major classes of enzymes are there in the systematic naming system?
6
What is the purpose of assigning two names to each enzyme?
To identify enzymes without ambiguity
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
To increase the rate of reactions
What is the term for enzymes that retain their original trivial names?
Trivial names
This lecture covers the fundamental role of enzymes in mediating biochemical reactions in the body. Enzymes are protein catalysts that increase reaction rates, directing metabolic events and selectively channeling reactants into useful pathways.
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