Biochemistry Enzymes and Metabolism Quiz

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms.

The rate of a catalyzed reaction is much faster than the rate of the same reaction without an enzyme.

Every enzyme has a specific region called the active site where it binds to a molecule called the substrate.

The process of an enzyme working in a reaction. It involves substrate binding, product formation, and release.

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase accelerates the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3) by a factor of 10 million.

The pH at which an amino acid exists as a zwitterion, with both a positive and negative charge.

A molecule with both a positive and negative charge, often found in amino acids at their isoelectric point.

A long chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

A bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid, with the loss of a water molecule.

A polymer made up of only one type of monomer repeating many times.

A polymer made up of different types of monomers, like proteins with various amino acids.

The three-dimensional arrangement of a polypeptide chain, formed by hydrogen bonding and other interactions.

The specific order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

A series of interconnected chemical reactions that occur within a living organism, where each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. These pathways are essential for life processes such as metabolism, growth, and development.

Metabolic reactions are chemical reactions that occur within living organisms and are catalyzed by enzymes, which are biological catalysts.

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid. This process involves ten different enzymatic reactions.

These are essential molecules involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction in an organism. They are produced during the growth phase.

These metabolites are not directly involved in growth, development, or reproduction. They are produced after the growth phase and may have various roles, including defense mechanisms and pigmentation.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are organic compounds containing both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to the same carbon atom (α-carbon).

Based on the number of amino and carboxyl groups, amino acids can be classified into acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids. This classification is based on the charge properties of their side chains.

Examples of acidic amino acids include glutamic acid. Basic amino acids include lysine. Examples of neutral amino acids include valine.

The point on the graph where the reaction rate is at its highest.

The energy required to start a chemical reaction.

The substance that an enzyme acts upon.

The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

The process of an enzyme losing its shape and function due to heat.

A reaction where energy is released, causing the surroundings to heat up.

A reaction that requires energy input from the surroundings.

A temporary, high-energy state that the substrate must reach before becoming product.

A molecule that binds to an enzyme and undergoes a chemical reaction catalyzed by the enzyme.

The molecule resulting from the chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme.

The difference in average energy content between the substrate and its transition state.

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a biological reaction to occur, speeding up the reaction rate.

Enzymes are affected by changes in conditions such as temperature and pH. These changes can alter the enzyme's structure and function.

An increase in temperature generally increases enzyme activity up to a certain point, beyond which it starts to decrease due to denaturation.

Each enzyme has an optimal pH range where it functions best. Deviating from this range can affect its activity.

The relationship between enzyme activity and substrate concentration. It depicts a hyperbolic curve, where the reaction rate increases as substrate concentration rises until it reaches a maximum (Vmax) and remains constant even with further substrate increase.

Enzymes are classified into six major categories based on the type of reaction they catalyze. These categories include oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.

The specific three-dimensional region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the catalytic reaction occurs.

The process by which an enzyme binds to a substrate, converts it into a product, and releases the product.