Biochemistry Enzymes and Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?

  • To decrease the rate of reaction
  • To consume the substrate
  • To form an enzyme-substrate complex permanently
  • To increase the rate of reaction (correct)

    • The enzyme carbonic anhydrase decreases the formation of H2CO3.

    False (B)

    What is the first step in the catalytic cycle of an enzyme?

    substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme

    The enzyme-substrate complex is ______-lived

    <p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the enzyme action step with its description:

    <p>Substrate binding = Substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme Enzyme shape change = Enzyme alters shape to fit tightly around the substrate Bond breaking = Chemical bonds of substrate break, forming a new complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a series of linked chemical reactions?

    <p>Metabolic pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary metabolites are essential for the growth and development of an organism.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a primary metabolite.

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In glycolysis, glucose is converted to _________ through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

    <p>Pyruvic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of amino acids with their examples:

    <p>Acidic amino acids = Glutamic acid Basic amino acids = Lysine Neutral amino acids = Valine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common structural feature of all alpha-amino acids?

    <p>An amino group and an acidic group attached to the same carbon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metabolic reactions are generally uncatalyzed.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in production between primary and secondary metabolites during an organisms growth?

    <p>Primary metabolites are produced continuously, while secondary metabolites do not have a continuous production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ions do amino acids form at their isoelectric point?

    <p>Zwitterions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins are homopolymers composed of repeating units of a single type of amino acid.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together in a protein?

    <p>peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A peptide bond is formed when a carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the _______ group of the next amino acid.

    <p>amino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Isoelectric point = pH at which amino acid exists as zwitterion Peptide bond = Bond linking amino acids in protein Heteropolymer = Polymer made of different monomer units Secondary Structure = Coiled helix structure of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released when two amino acids form a peptide bond?

    <p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The secondary structure of a protein is a linear chain of amino acids.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polymer are proteins based on the variety of amino acids present?

    <p>heteropolymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is activation energy?

    <p>The energy required for a reaction to proceed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes increase the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can affect enzyme activity?

    <p>Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and binding of specific chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ of 'S' to 'P' is made easier by enzymes.

    <p>transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enzymes help biological reactions?

    <p>By lowering the activation energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are unaffected by changes in substrate concentration.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the y-axis of the graph represent regarding enzyme activity?

    <p>Potential energy content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT affect enzyme activity?

    <p>Pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins are classified as homopolymers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum velocity in enzyme activity referred to as?

    <p>Vmax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzyme activities are primarily determined by the concentration of the ______.

    <p>substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following enzyme classes with their functions:

    <p>Lipases = Break down lipids Proteases = Break down proteins Amylases = Break down carbohydrates Nucleases = Break down nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes enzyme-substrate interaction?

    <p>Enzymes can be reused after the reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction will continue to increase indefinitely with an increase in substrate concentration after reaching Vmax.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one biomolecule that acts as a hormone.

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the x-axis represent in the context of enzyme activity?

    <p>Progression of structural transformation through transition state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exothermic reactions require an input of energy to form the product.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the temperature and pH at which an enzyme shows its highest activity?

    <p>Optimum temperature and optimum pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low temperature preserves the enzyme in a temporarily ______ state.

    <p>inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to enzymatic activity at temperatures above the optimum value?

    <p>Activity declines due to denaturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to enzymes with their definitions:

    <p>Optimum temperature = The temperature at which an enzyme shows maximum activity Vmax = Maximum velocity of an enzymatic reaction Transition state = A higher energy state that reactants must achieve to form products Denaturation = Loss of enzymatic activity due to extreme conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The velocity of an enzymatic reaction continues to increase indefinitely with substrate concentration.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high temperature on enzymatic proteins?

    <p>Denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biomolecules

    • Living organisms are made of different types of compounds.
    • Chemical analysis reveals they are composed of elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc.
    • Living things and non-living things share the same elements, but the relative abundance of carbon and hydrogen is higher in living organisms.

    How to Analyze Chemical Composition

    • Take a living tissue sample (e.g., liver) and grind it in trichloroacetic acid.
    • Strain the mixture through a cloth to separate two fractions.
    • The filtrate is the acid-soluble pool (micromolecules/biomolecules).
    • The retentate is the acid-insoluble fraction (biomacromolecules).

    Acid-Soluble Pool

    • Thousands of organic compounds are found.
    • These compounds have molecular weights ranging from 18 to about 800 daltons.

    Analysis of Inorganic Elements and Compounds

    • Biomolecules are carbon compounds in living tissues.
    • Living organisms also contain inorganic elements and compounds.
    • To analyze these, weigh a sample, dry it, and burn it completely.
    • The remaining ash contains inorganic elements (calcium, magnesium, etc.) and inorganic compounds (sulphate, phosphate).

    Primary and Secondary Metabolites

    • Metabolites are organic compounds essential for cell activity.
    • Primary metabolites are crucial for growth, development, and reproduction and are continuously produced.
    • Secondary metabolites are often useful to humans but not essential for cell growth and are not continuously produced.

    Amino Acids

    • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
    • They are organic compounds with an amino group and a carboxyl group on the same carbon atom (alpha-amino acids).
    • There are four substituents (hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group, variable R group).
    • Classification is based on the R group's nature.
    • Essential amino acids cannot be synthesised in the body and must be consumed in the diet.

    Proteins

    • Proteins are polypeptides formed of linked amino acids via peptide bonds.
    • They are polymers
    • Proteins have four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
    • Protein structure determines function.

    Lipids

    • Lipids are water-insoluble molecules.
    • Types include fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
    • Fatty acids vary in length and saturation.
    • Triglycerides consist of glycerol esterified with fatty acids.
    • Phospholipids are key components of cell membranes.

    Polysaccharides

    • Polysaccharides are long chains of sugars.
    • Examples include cellulose, starch, and glycogen.
    • Polysaccharides can be either homo or hetero polymers.
    • They are long chains of monosaccharides linked together via glycosidic bonds.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Nucleic acids are polynucleotides.
    • Examples include DNA and RNA.
    • They store and transmit genetic information.
    • Nucleotides are composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
    • Nitrogenous bases are classified as purines or pyrimidines.
    • DNA and RNA differ in their sugar component (deoxyribose vs ribose).

    Enzymes

    • Enzymes are biological catalysts.
    • They speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
    • Enzymes are typically proteins. Some are RNA.
    • Enzymes have an active site where substrates bind.
    • Factors that affect enzymatic activity include temperature and pH.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the roles of enzymes and metabolic reactions in biochemistry. This quiz covers concepts such as enzyme action, primary and secondary metabolites, and important biochemical pathways like glycolysis. Challenge yourself with matching questions and definitions!

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