Climate Change and the Anthropocene Era

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the stated aims of COP 2023 in Dubai?

Establishing a new emissions reduction plan

Advance in operationalization of the loss and damage fund (correct)

Encouraging further deforestation

Creating a uniform global energy policy

Which promise was made regarding methane emissions?

Complete elimination of methane emissions by 2025

No change in methane emissions expected

Decrease methane emissions by 30% by 2030 (correct)

Increase methane emissions by 20% by 2030

What significant financial issue remains unresolved for poorer countries?

Lack of funds for energy-efficient technology

Insufficient money for adaptation strategies

Financing for climate change mitigation efforts (correct)

Limited access to international trade agreements

What is the purpose of the Redd+ program?

To reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of COP 2024 in Baku?

Financing and increasing the loss and damage fund Signup and view all the answers

How many countries pledged to stop deforestation by 2030?

100 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a main cause of CO2 emissions?

Deforestation Signup and view all the answers

What should be emphasized to address the climate crisis, according to the stated actions?

Knowledge and consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated time range for Homo habilis existence?

2.5 million to 200,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that modern humans originated solely from Africa?

Out of Africa theory Signup and view all the answers

When did Homo sapiens experience a cultural explosion that led to the disappearance of other archaic Homo species?

40,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is considered an archaic Homo species?

Homo erectus Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, physical differences among human groups are primarily attributed to which factors?

Adaptations to various environmental and social conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of the historical idea of race in biology?

Social discrimination based on perceived differences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is NOT identified as a category in Johann Blumenbach's racial classification?

Indigenous Signup and view all the answers

What significant event is associated with European human migration according to the content?

Indoeuropean migration 5000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary human activity contributing to climate change according to scientific consensus?

Increased CO2 emissions Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aim of the Paris Agreement signed in 2015?

To reduce CO2 emissions and keep global temperature rise below 1.5°C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a main effect of climate change?

Elimination of desert regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the IPCC report regarding climate change?

It provides warnings about extreme climate disruptions Signup and view all the answers

Which location is highlighted as the most visible effect of rising sea levels due to climate change?

Kiribati Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main goals during COP26 in 2021?

To find solutions for keeping temperature rises under 1.5°C Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of women's work in many societies?

Easily resumed after a break Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies was proposed to combat climate change at COP26?

Investment in renewable energy sources Signup and view all the answers

What type of labor is commonly divided based on age in various societies?

Involvement of children and elderly in various forms of labor Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'reciprocal exchange' refer to?

The value of exchanged goods being mutual Signup and view all the answers

What was a focus of COP27 held in 2022?

Policies to limit global temperature rises Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'redistribution' in the context of exchange?

An original source of exchange with social effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinguishing feature of trade as mentioned in the context?

Includes negotiating processes and social rules Signup and view all the answers

How is technology characterized across different cultural practices?

Diverse based on tools, materials, and knowledge required Signup and view all the answers

What is typically a feature of cultures with compensatory mechanisms?

Presence of egalitarian social structures Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ‘general reciprocal exchange’ from other forms of exchange?

It involves a temporary aspect of exchange. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding patrilineal descent?

Children belong to their father’s lineage regardless of the mother. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary social consequence of matrilineal descent?

A strong bond is formed between a sister and her brother. Signup and view all the answers

In double descent, how are rights to property typically divided?

Fixed property is inherited through the male line, variable property through the female line. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes ambilateral descent from other forms of descent?

Individuals can choose their lineage affiliation based on preference. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes pastoralism?

A lifestyle characterized by seasonal migrations of herders. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common aspect of social relations within patrilineal systems?

Obedience to the father is a social norm. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'exogamy' refer to in the context of patrilineal descent?

The practice of marrying outside a specific group or lineage. Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant change in nomadic life in Mongolia after the fall of communism?

Greater mobility and independence for herders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is characteristic of early cities as developed by the Sumerians?

Defensive walls, temples, and organized streets. Signup and view all the answers

In which cultural context is matrilineal descent commonly found?

Among the Hopi community in Arizona. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main elements that define a civilization?

Significant population and role specialization. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'patrilocal residence'?

The woman moves to live with her husband's family. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is crucial for the emergence of civilization according to the theories presented?

Surplus food production. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic was notable in the society of Tenochtitlan during the Aztec Empire?

Class divisions and a prominent role of markets. Signup and view all the answers

What type of labor division is emphasized in the context of resource management?

Principles of division by gender and age. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the contributing factors to the decline of Tenochtitlan?

The conquest period by external forces. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

IPCC Report

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report on Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis
Signed by 195 countries
Main conclusion: Human activity is significantly influencing climate change

Anthropocene

A geological division of Earth history
Marked by significant human impact on the Earth's environment
Neogene Epoch: 2.8 million years ago
Quaternary Period: includes the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs
Pleistocene Epoch: 2.6 million years ago
Holocene Epoch: 0.01 million years ago
Human activities are significantly influencing the Earth's state

Earth Resilience Barriers

Climate change poses a significant threat to Earth's resilience
Biosphere integrity is a crucial component of resilience
Stratospheric ozone depletion and ocean acidification affect resilience
Biochemical flows (nitrogen and phosphorus) influence the biosphere and oceans
Land system changes, fresh water consumption, and atmospheric aerosol loading impact resilience
Chemical pollution and releasing novel entities affect resilience
Crossing three boundaries (CO2, biosphere, and nitrogen & phosphorus levels) since 2009 further jeopardizes resilience.

Climate Change

Rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 levels since 1950
Greenhouse effect exacerbates the warming trend
Increase in global average temperatures
Warming ocean waters are observed
Glacial size is decreasing

COP 2021 (COP26)

Main aim: to keep the rise in global temperatures below 1.5°C
Reduce reliance on fossil fuels
Stop deforestation
Invest in renewable energy sources
Protect societies and nature
Mobilize funding ($100bn)
Finalize the Paris Rulebook and encourage international cooperation

COP 2022 (COP27)

Aim: Agree on policies to mitigate global temperature rises and adapt to climate change.
Established a loss and damage fund.
Commitments for financing and climate action from 2015 weren't met by many countries.

COP 2023

28th Conference of Parties on Climate Change
Dubai, November 20-28, 2023
Aims: more inclusive conference, advancing mitigation solutions, and progress on loss and damage fund operationalization, and equitable access to climate finance

COP 2024

Baku, Azerbaijan, November 11-22, 2024
Theme: "In solidarity for a green world"
Focus on finance, adaptation, and loss and damage.

UN - other actions

The UN Development Programme (UNDP) focuses on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+)
REDD+ is a framework for reducing emissions from forests
Protecting forests and the rights of indigenous people are crucial components of preventing further CO2 emissions.

Anthropology

Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity in all its aspects
It covers biological, societal, and cultural characteristics
It aims to understand the reasons for human behaviors

Humanity Science Rules

There is one human species in the world
People's differences in culture and language do not imply biological diversity
Culture evolves faster than biology

Culture

Culture is a set of ideas, values, and ways of seeing the world shared by a society
Shared values
Learned behaviours
Based on symbols
Integrated and dynamic

Neoliberalism

A set of ideas supporting market solutions for social problems
Relies on the assumption that markets are the most efficient way to produce good
Often neglect social and environmental considerations

Neolithisation

The transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture
Innovations in agriculture occurred in various parts of the world
The process began 8000 - 12000 years ago
Technological developments were significant
Settlements flourished
Environmental impact

Globalization

Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon
Increase in interactions between countries and communities
Driven by technological advancements in communication
Global corporations increasingly influence economies

Corporate Greed

Corporations often prioritize profit over environmental and social considerations
Corporations' activities can lead to environmental damage, social injustices, and ethical concerns

Anti-Globalism

Critiques of negative consequences from globalization
Concerns regarding environmental issues
Criticism of wealth polarization

Alterglobalism

Proposes modifications to global processes/systems
Aims to prevent or rectify negative consequences of globalization
Focuses on social justice, environmental protection, and sustainability

Sexual Relations

Cultural practices and regulations heavily influence sexual behaviour
Varying patterns of marriage, incest taboos, and marriage types exist across cultures
Social norms and expectations vary considerably

Family

Family structures are diverse worldwide
Family functions include social support, raising children, and economic contribution
Different criteria are used to define and categorize types of families and their functions

Kinship and Descent

Kinship systems are shaped by cultural values
Kinship ties define social structures and relationships
Descent is the tracing of lineage (bloodline) within a group
Different kinship structures exist in various societies

Social groups and divisions stem from diverse factors such as kinship, age, work division, social class, and caste
Each society has specific systems or social divisions/categorizations
These systems impact resource distribution, authority structures, and social interactions

The Arts

Art exists in diverse forms and serves various purposes, including expression and communication
Art is influenced by cultural values and traditions
Many traditions exist (folklore, visual art, etc)

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Description

Explore the significant findings of the 2021 IPCC report and the Anthropocene epoch, which highlights human impact on Earth's environment. This quiz delves into the resilience barriers posed by climate change and the interconnectedness of biosphere integrity and human activities. Test your knowledge and understanding of these crucial topics!